Senna covesii |
Senna armata |
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Coues' cassia, Coves' cassia, desert senna |
desert senna, spiny senna |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, to 0.7 m. Leaves slightly sclerophyllous, 2–10 cm, hairy; stipules persistent, to 1 mm wide; extrafloral nectaries between all leaflet pairs, stipitate; leaflet pairs 2–4, blades obovate to elliptic-obovate or oblong-elliptic, 10–38 × 5–19 mm. | Shrubs, to 2 m, branches green, often attenuate. |
Leaves | sclerophyllous, modified as phyllodes, 2–9 cm, thinly pubescent or glabrate; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectaries (0 or)1 or 2, highly reduced, on rachis, ± sessile; leaflet pairs (0 or)2–8(–10), often irregularly inserted or absent, blades ovate, apex obtuse or subacute, 2–9 × 1–6 mm. |
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Racemes | (2–)4–8-flowered; bracts caducous. |
1 or 2-flowered; bracts caducous. |
Pedicels | 8–17 mm. |
8–21 mm. |
Flowers | monosymmetric; calyx pale green, pinkish, or yellowish; corolla golden yellow, longest petal 9–15 mm; androecium not heterantherous, stamens 7, staminodes 3; anthers 2.5–4.2 mm, dehiscing by 1 apical pore, apical appendage 0; gynoecium linear, slightly incurved, ovules 28–42; ovary hairy; style filiform, incurved. |
monosymmetric; calyx yellow; corolla yellow, longest petal 7.5–13 mm; androecium not heterantherous, stamens 7, staminodes 3; anthers 3–4.3 mm, dehiscing by 1 apical pore, apical appendage 0; gynoecium linear, ovules 6–12; ovary hairy; style incurved. |
Legumes | erect, cylindrical, slightly curved, 180–350 × 50–80 mm, shallowly corrugated over seeds, dehiscing apically downward. |
erect, flat or turgid, straight, linear, 20–45 × 5–6.5 mm, not or faintly corrugated over seeds, tardily dehiscent. |
Seeds | brown, rhomboid. |
dark brown, ovoid. |
Senna covesii |
Senna armata |
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Phenology | Flowering late winter–early fall. | Flowering early spring–summer. |
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly desert washes, slopes, and stony hills, disturbed desert roadsides. | Sandy to gravelly desert washes, alluvial fans, flood plains. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 150–1800 m. (500–5900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; NV; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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AZ; CA; NV; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Representative of the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts, Senna armata is the only North American senna displaying a highly xerophytic habit with green, nearly leafless stems (described as rushlike in the desert floras; R. M. Turner et al. 1995). Otherwise, this habit characterizes the unrelated group of a dozen species of Senna ser. Aphyllae (Bentham) H. S. Irwin & Barneby from aridlands in southern South America (H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982). Owing to its highly xerophytic habit, S. armata was considered taxonomically isolated due to its xerophytic morphology (Irwin and Barneby), but, according to molecular phylogenetic analyses (B. Marazzi et al. 2006; Marazzi and M. J. Sanderson 2010), it is, in fact, included in the same clade as species of ser. Brachycarpae (Bentham) H. S. Irwin & Barneby (S. bauhinioides, S. covesii, S. lindheimeriana, and S. roemeriana, which also occur in North America). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cassia covesii, Earleocassia covesii | Cassia armata |
Name authority | (A. Gray) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Phytologia 44: 499. (1979) | (S. Watson) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 292. (1982) |
Web links |