The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

Coues' cassia, Coves' cassia, desert senna

candle bush, candlestick senna, Emperor's candlesticks

Habit Herbs, perennial, to 0.7 m. Leaves slightly sclerophyllous, 2–10 cm, hairy; stipules persistent, to 1 mm wide; extrafloral nectaries between all leaflet pairs, stipitate; leaflet pairs 2–4, blades obovate to elliptic-obovate or oblong-elliptic, 10–38 × 5–19 mm. Shrubs, rarely arborescent, to 4 m. Leaves mesophyllous, first leaflet pair often caducous, 20–75 cm, ± glabrous; stipules persistent; extrafloral nectaries 0; leaflet pairs 6–14, blades oblong to obovate, 70–210 × 30–135 mm.
Racemes

(2–)4–8-flowered;

bracts caducous.

40+-flowered, spikelike, bearing flowers in conelike head, often apparently terminal;

bracts conspicuous, covering buds, caducous as pedicel elongates, firm, yellow to light orange, 10+ mm.

Pedicels

8–17 mm.

4–11 mm.

Flowers

monosymmetric;

calyx pale green, pinkish, or yellowish;

corolla golden yellow, longest petal 9–15 mm;

androecium not heterantherous, stamens 7, staminodes 3;

anthers 2.5–4.2 mm, dehiscing by 1 apical pore, apical appendage 0;

gynoecium linear, slightly incurved, ovules 28–42;

ovary hairy;

style filiform, incurved.

asymmetric (enantiostylous);

calyx yellow;

corolla bright yellow to yellow-orange, bowl-shaped, petals monosymmetric, lower and upper petals similar in shape, firm, strongly concave, longest petal 15–24 mm;

androecium heterantherous, stamens 7, staminodes 3;

anthers of middle stamens 2.6–4 mm, of abaxial stamens 9.5–13 mm, dehiscing by 1 or 2 short slits, apical appendage 0;

gynoecium incurved, ovules 44–58;

ovary densely hairy;

style incurved.

Legumes

erect, cylindrical, slightly curved, 180–350 × 50–80 mm, shallowly corrugated over seeds, dehiscing apically downward.

ascending, flat, straight or slightly curved, tetragonal, 110–190 × 9–12 mm, carinate by sutures and winged along middle of each valve, tardily dehiscent.

Seeds

brown, rhomboid.

dark brown, rhomboid.

2n

= 24.

Senna covesii

Senna alata

Phenology Flowering late winter–early fall. Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Sandy and gravelly desert washes, slopes, and stony hills, disturbed desert roadsides. Riverbanks, lakeshores, seasonally wet savannas, disturbed habitats, pastures, plantations, roadsides, waste places.
Elevation 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) 0–500(–2000) m. (0–1600(–6600) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NM; NV; Mexico (Baja California, Sinaloa, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; LA; MS; OK; TX; n South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Bermuda, Central America, Asia, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Due to its attractive candlelike yellow inflorescences, Senna alata has been cultivated worldwide. In addition to its laxative properties, S. alata, sometimes called ringworm senna or ringworm bush, may be useful as a treatment for ringworm and other fungal infections (S. Palanichamy and S. Nagarajan 1990; H. Martin and M’P. Bindanda 2008). Likely native to tropical northern South America (H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1981), S. alata is now naturalized and listed as weedy in many countries outside the flora area (W. T. Parsons and E. G. Cuthbertson 2001; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) 2006, http://www.hear.org/pier/species/senna_alata.htm).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna
Sibling taxa
S. alata, S. armata, S. artemisioides, S. atomaria, S. bauhinioides, S. corymbosa, S. durangensis, S. hebecarpa, S. hirsuta, S. ligustrina, S. lindheimeriana, S. marilandica, S. mexicana, S. multiglandulosa, S. obtusifolia, S. occidentalis, S. orcuttii, S. pendula, S. pilosior, S. pumilio, S. ripleyana, S. roemeriana, S. surattensis, S. wislizeni
S. armata, S. artemisioides, S. atomaria, S. bauhinioides, S. corymbosa, S. covesii, S. durangensis, S. hebecarpa, S. hirsuta, S. ligustrina, S. lindheimeriana, S. marilandica, S. mexicana, S. multiglandulosa, S. obtusifolia, S. occidentalis, S. orcuttii, S. pendula, S. pilosior, S. pumilio, S. ripleyana, S. roemeriana, S. surattensis, S. wislizeni
Synonyms Cassia covesii, Earleocassia covesii Cassia alata
Name authority (A. Gray) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Phytologia 44: 499. (1979) (Linnaeus) Roxburgh: Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 2: 349. (1832)
Web links