Senna corymbosa |
Senna armata |
|
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Argentine senna, Argentine wild sensitive plant |
desert senna, spiny senna |
|
Habit | Shrubs or trees, to 3.5 m. | Shrubs, to 2 m, branches green, often attenuate. |
Leaves | mesophyllous, 5.5–9.5 cm, glabrous or glabrate; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectary 1, between first leaflet pair, sessile or short-stipitate; leaflet pairs 3, blades oblong-lanceolate, 25–60 × 5–14 mm. |
sclerophyllous, modified as phyllodes, 2–9 cm, thinly pubescent or glabrate; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectaries (0 or)1 or 2, highly reduced, on rachis, ± sessile; leaflet pairs (0 or)2–8(–10), often irregularly inserted or absent, blades ovate, apex obtuse or subacute, 2–9 × 1–6 mm. |
Racemes | 4–18-flowered; bracts caducous. |
1 or 2-flowered; bracts caducous. |
Pedicels | 13–23 mm. |
8–21 mm. |
Flowers | monosymmetric; calyx brownish to greenish yellow; corolla golden yellow, longest petal 8–16 mm; androecium heterantherous, stamens 7, middle stamens 1/2 as long as abaxial or smaller, staminodes 3; anthers of middle stamens to 3.6–4.8 mm, of abaxial stamens 5.2–6.5 mm, dehiscing by nearly U-shaped pore, apical appendage inconspicuous; gynoecium incurved, ovules 34–50; ovary hairy; style slightly incurved. |
monosymmetric; calyx yellow; corolla yellow, longest petal 7.5–13 mm; androecium not heterantherous, stamens 7, staminodes 3; anthers 3–4.3 mm, dehiscing by 1 apical pore, apical appendage 0; gynoecium linear, ovules 6–12; ovary hairy; style incurved. |
Legumes | somewhat pendulous, cylindrical, straight, 40–120 × 6–10 mm, corrugated over seeds, indehiscent. |
erect, flat or turgid, straight, linear, 20–45 × 5–6.5 mm, not or faintly corrugated over seeds, tardily dehiscent. |
Seeds | dull brown or dark reddish brown, obliquely obovoid or oblong-ellipsoid. |
dark brown, ovoid. |
2n | = 28. |
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Senna corymbosa |
Senna armata |
|
Phenology | Flowering early winter–mid spring. | Flowering early spring–summer. |
Habitat | Thickets, brushy stream and river banks, waste places. | Sandy to gravelly desert washes, alluvial fans, flood plains. |
Elevation | 0–500 m. [0–1600 ft.] | 150–1800 m. [500–5900 ft.] |
Distribution |
FL; GA; LA; MS; SC; TX; s South America
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AZ; CA; NV; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Senna corymbosa has been cultivated for over two centuries and is a common ornamental in many botanical gardens worldwide; it has become naturalized in warmer western Europe and South Africa (H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Representative of the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts, Senna armata is the only North American senna displaying a highly xerophytic habit with green, nearly leafless stems (described as rushlike in the desert floras; R. M. Turner et al. 1995). Otherwise, this habit characterizes the unrelated group of a dozen species of Senna ser. Aphyllae (Bentham) H. S. Irwin & Barneby from aridlands in southern South America (H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982). Owing to its highly xerophytic habit, S. armata was considered taxonomically isolated due to its xerophytic morphology (Irwin and Barneby), but, according to molecular phylogenetic analyses (B. Marazzi et al. 2006; Marazzi and M. J. Sanderson 2010), it is, in fact, included in the same clade as species of ser. Brachycarpae (Bentham) H. S. Irwin & Barneby (S. bauhinioides, S. covesii, S. lindheimeriana, and S. roemeriana, which also occur in North America). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cassia corymbosa, Adipera corymbosa | Cassia armata |
Name authority | (Lamarck) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 397. (1982) | (S. Watson) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 292. (1982) |
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