Senna atomaria |
Senna surattensis |
|
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flor de San Jose, flor de san josé, palo zorillo |
glaucous senna, glossy shower |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, to 20 m. Leaves mesophyllous to slightly sclerophyllous, 8.5–28.5 cm, hairy, sometimes densely; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectaries 0; leaflet pairs 2–5, blades bicolored, usually obovate to elliptic, sometimes ovate, 20–130 × 10–60 mm. | Shrubs or trees, to 4(–6) m. Leaves mesophyllous, 8–18 cm, finely, densely hairy; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectaries 1–3, between first only, or also subsequent, leaflet pairs, sessile; leaflet pairs 6–10, blades obovate, obovate-elliptic, oblanceolate-obtuse, 20–50 × 8–20 mm. |
Racemes | 5–55-flowered, not spikelike; bracts early caducous, to 5 mm. |
usually 5–21-flowered; bracts late caducous. |
Pedicels | 13–28 mm. |
16–25 mm. |
Flowers | asymmetric, enantiostylous; calyx greenish to yellow; corolla yellow-orange, slightly dark-veined, longest petal 12–23 mm, highly asymmetric, 1 or both lower petals highly modified, strongly concave and folded over stamens (flag-shaped); androecium slightly heterantherous, stamens 7 (similar in shape and size, abaxial ones slightly longer), staminodes 3; anthers 2.8–5 mm, dehiscing by 2 short slits, apical appendage 0; gynoecium incurved, ovules 46–70; ovary glabrate, sometimes becoming hairy after fertilization; style stout. |
slightly asymmetric; calyx greenish; corolla pale yellow, longest petal 16–24 mm; androecium heterantherous, stamens 10, staminodes 0; anthers of 9 short stamens 4–5.2 mm, of 1 long stamen 4.5–6.5 mm, dehiscing by 2 pores, apical appendage 0; gynoecium slightly incurved, ovules 18–30; ovary slightly hairy; style slightly incurved. |
Legumes | pendulous, flat, straight, 220–370 × 80–140 mm, woody, indehiscent or splitting transversely into woody segments. |
somewhat pendulous, flat, slightly curved, 70–100 × 11–15 mm, slightly corrugated over seeds, indehiscent. |
Seeds | reddish brown, obovoid to oblong-obovoid. |
dark reddish brown, oblong-ellipsoid. |
Senna atomaria |
Senna surattensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering late winter–late spring. | Flowering late winter–late fall. |
Habitat | Disturbed habitats. | Habitat unknown. |
Elevation | 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán); Central America (including Caribbean Islands); South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela) [Introduced in North America]
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FL; Asia; Africa; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in West Indies (Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent)] |
Discussion | As with other trees from deciduous and semi-deciduous vegetation, Senna atomaria is covered with flowers before developing the foliage (H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982). In the flora area, it occurs naturalized only very locally in Collier County (R. P. Wunderlin et al., http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Senna surattensis has been cultivated for centuries as an ornamental in tropical regions, making inference about its origin and native range of geographic distribution a matter of speculation (G. Bentham 1863–1878; D. E. Symon 1966; H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982). In North America it is cultivated in California and Texas in addition to Florida (D. Isely 1998). Senna surattensis is often confused with S. multiglandulosa; they are similar in habit and widely cultivated, but S. surattensis possesses seven heterantherous stamens and three staminodes. The similar and closely related S. sulfurea (Colladon) H. S. Lewis & Barneby (with two long stamens instead of one) was considered a subspecies of S. surattensis by B. R. Randell (1989). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cassia atomaria, C. emarginata | Cassia surattensis, C. fastigiata, C. suffruticosa, C. surattensis subsp. suffruticosa, Psilorhegma suffruticosa, S. speciosa |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 588. (1982) | (Burman f.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 81. (1982) |
Web links |