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flor de San Jose, flor de san josé, palo zorillo

dwarf senna

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 20 m. Leaves mesophyllous to slightly sclerophyllous, 8.5–28.5 cm, hairy, sometimes densely; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectaries 0; leaflet pairs 2–5, blades bicolored, usually obovate to elliptic, sometimes ovate, 20–130 × 10–60 mm. Herbs, perennial, to 0.2 m. Leaves slightly sclerophyllous, 1.5–10 cm, hairy; stipules persistent; extrafloral nectary between leaflet pair, highly reduced; leaflet pairs 1, blades lanceolate-acuminate or oblanceolate, 10–50 × 2–5 mm.
Racemes

5–55-flowered, not spikelike;

bracts early caducous, to 5 mm.

1-flowered;

bracts caducous.

Pedicels

13–28 mm.

6–21 mm.

Flowers

asymmetric, enantiostylous;

calyx greenish to yellow;

corolla yellow-orange, slightly dark-veined, longest petal 12–23 mm, highly asymmetric, 1 or both lower petals highly modified, strongly concave and folded over stamens (flag-shaped);

androecium slightly heterantherous, stamens 7 (similar in shape and size, abaxial ones slightly longer), staminodes 3;

anthers 2.8–5 mm, dehiscing by 2 short slits, apical appendage 0;

gynoecium incurved, ovules 46–70;

ovary glabrate, sometimes becoming hairy after fertilization;

style stout.

monosymmetric;

calyx often persistent into developing fruit, pale green;

corolla pale yellow, longest petal 5.5–10 mm;

androecium not heterantherous, stamens 7, staminodes 3;

anthers to 2.9–4 mm, dehiscing by 1 apical pore, apical appendage 0;

gynoecium nearly linear, ovules 6–12;

ovary hairy;

style linear.

Legumes

pendulous, flat, straight, 220–370 × 80–140 mm, woody, indehiscent or splitting transversely into woody segments.

erect, cylindrical, straight, 8–15 × 6–8 mm, not corrugated over seeds, dehiscing apically downward.

Seeds

reddish brown, obovoid to oblong-obovoid.

brown, paddle-shaped to pyriform.

2n

= 28.

Senna atomaria

Senna pumilio

Phenology Flowering late winter–late spring. Flowering late winter–mid summer.
Habitat Disturbed habitats. Gravelly clay mounds and flats, sandy soils.
Elevation 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) 50–2000 m. (200–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán); Central America (including Caribbean Islands); South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

As with other trees from deciduous and semi-deciduous vegetation, Senna atomaria is covered with flowers before developing the foliage (H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982). In the flora area, it occurs naturalized only very locally in Collier County (R. P. Wunderlin et al., http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Senna pumilio is one of three sennas in North America forming and sprouting from a woody taproot (along with S. bauhinioides and S. ripleyana; H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna
Sibling taxa
S. alata, S. armata, S. artemisioides, S. bauhinioides, S. corymbosa, S. covesii, S. durangensis, S. hebecarpa, S. hirsuta, S. ligustrina, S. lindheimeriana, S. marilandica, S. mexicana, S. multiglandulosa, S. obtusifolia, S. occidentalis, S. orcuttii, S. pendula, S. pilosior, S. pumilio, S. ripleyana, S. roemeriana, S. surattensis, S. wislizeni
S. alata, S. armata, S. artemisioides, S. atomaria, S. bauhinioides, S. corymbosa, S. covesii, S. durangensis, S. hebecarpa, S. hirsuta, S. ligustrina, S. lindheimeriana, S. marilandica, S. mexicana, S. multiglandulosa, S. obtusifolia, S. occidentalis, S. orcuttii, S. pendula, S. pilosior, S. ripleyana, S. roemeriana, S. surattensis, S. wislizeni
Synonyms Cassia atomaria, C. emarginata Cassia pumilio, Tharpia pumilio
Name authority (Linnaeus) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 588. (1982) (A. Gray) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Phytologia 44: 500. (1979)
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