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flor de San Jose, flor de san josé, palo zorillo

buttercup bush, glandular cassia, glandular senna

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 20 m. Leaves mesophyllous to slightly sclerophyllous, 8.5–28.5 cm, hairy, sometimes densely; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectaries 0; leaflet pairs 2–5, blades bicolored, usually obovate to elliptic, sometimes ovate, 20–130 × 10–60 mm. Shrubs or trees, to 5(–6) m. Leaves mesophyllous, 6–17.5 cm, finely and densely hairy; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectaries 1, between many or all leaflet pairs, sessile; leaflet pairs 5–9, blades oblong-elliptic or lanceolate- to oblanceolate-elliptic, 23–47 × 6–17 mm.
Racemes

5–55-flowered, not spikelike;

bracts early caducous, to 5 mm.

usually 3–15-flowered;

bracts caducous.

Pedicels

13–28 mm.

12–26 mm.

Flowers

asymmetric, enantiostylous;

calyx greenish to yellow;

corolla yellow-orange, slightly dark-veined, longest petal 12–23 mm, highly asymmetric, 1 or both lower petals highly modified, strongly concave and folded over stamens (flag-shaped);

androecium slightly heterantherous, stamens 7 (similar in shape and size, abaxial ones slightly longer), staminodes 3;

anthers 2.8–5 mm, dehiscing by 2 short slits, apical appendage 0;

gynoecium incurved, ovules 46–70;

ovary glabrate, sometimes becoming hairy after fertilization;

style stout.

monosymmetric;

calyx yellow;

corolla deep yellow, longest petal 12–19 mm;

androecium heterantherous, stamens 7, middle stamens 1/2 as long as abaxial or smaller, staminodes 3;

anthers of middle stamens 3.7–5 mm, of abaxial stamens 6–7.5 mm, dehiscing by 2 pores, apical appendage inconspicuous;

gynoecium incurved, ovules 30–50;

ovary densely hairy;

style slightly incurved.

Legumes

pendulous, flat, straight, 220–370 × 80–140 mm, woody, indehiscent or splitting transversely into woody segments.

somewhat pendulous, cylindrical, 70–135 × 7–10 mm, slightly corrugated over seeds, indehiscent.

Seeds

reddish brown, obovoid to oblong-obovoid.

brown or dark reddish brown, obovoid.

2n

= 24.

Senna atomaria

Senna multiglandulosa

Phenology Flowering late winter–late spring. Flowering late spring–mid winter.
Habitat Disturbed habitats. Open places in disturbed forests or scrub-woodlands, lava-flows, rocky riverbanks and outcrops, waste places.
Elevation 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) 0–500[2000–3100] m. (0–1600[6600–10200] ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán); Central America (including Caribbean Islands); South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Chiapas, Guanajuato, México, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí); Central America (Guatemala); w South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Asia (India, Malaysia), s Africa, Atlantic Islands (Macaronesia), Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

As with other trees from deciduous and semi-deciduous vegetation, Senna atomaria is covered with flowers before developing the foliage (H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982). In the flora area, it occurs naturalized only very locally in Collier County (R. P. Wunderlin et al., http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Senna multiglandulosa is listed as naturalized in countries where it has been introduced as an ornamental; for example, New Zealand (C. J. Webb et al. 1988); Australia (B. R. Randell and B. A. Barlow 1998).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna
Sibling taxa
S. alata, S. armata, S. artemisioides, S. bauhinioides, S. corymbosa, S. covesii, S. durangensis, S. hebecarpa, S. hirsuta, S. ligustrina, S. lindheimeriana, S. marilandica, S. mexicana, S. multiglandulosa, S. obtusifolia, S. occidentalis, S. orcuttii, S. pendula, S. pilosior, S. pumilio, S. ripleyana, S. roemeriana, S. surattensis, S. wislizeni
S. alata, S. armata, S. artemisioides, S. atomaria, S. bauhinioides, S. corymbosa, S. covesii, S. durangensis, S. hebecarpa, S. hirsuta, S. ligustrina, S. lindheimeriana, S. marilandica, S. mexicana, S. obtusifolia, S. occidentalis, S. orcuttii, S. pendula, S. pilosior, S. pumilio, S. ripleyana, S. roemeriana, S. surattensis, S. wislizeni
Synonyms Cassia atomaria, C. emarginata Cassia multiglandulosa, C. tomentosa
Name authority (Linnaeus) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 588. (1982) (Jacquin) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 357. (1982)
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