Senna atomaria |
Senna marilandica |
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flor de San Jose, flor de san josé, palo zorillo |
Maryland senna, wild senna |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, to 20 m. Leaves mesophyllous to slightly sclerophyllous, 8.5–28.5 cm, hairy, sometimes densely; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectaries 0; leaflet pairs 2–5, blades bicolored, usually obovate to elliptic, sometimes ovate, 20–130 × 10–60 mm. | Herbs, perennial, to 0.6–2 m. Leaves mesophyllous, 12–27 cm, finely hairy; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectary 1, base of or along petiole, sessile or shortly stipitate; leaflet pairs 5–9, blades elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or lanceolate, 30–60 × 9–24 mm. |
Racemes | 5–55-flowered, not spikelike; bracts early caducous, to 5 mm. |
usually 5–15-flowered; bracts caducous. |
Pedicels | 13–28 mm. |
9–17 mm. |
Flowers | asymmetric, enantiostylous; calyx greenish to yellow; corolla yellow-orange, slightly dark-veined, longest petal 12–23 mm, highly asymmetric, 1 or both lower petals highly modified, strongly concave and folded over stamens (flag-shaped); androecium slightly heterantherous, stamens 7 (similar in shape and size, abaxial ones slightly longer), staminodes 3; anthers 2.8–5 mm, dehiscing by 2 short slits, apical appendage 0; gynoecium incurved, ovules 46–70; ovary glabrate, sometimes becoming hairy after fertilization; style stout. |
monosymmetric; calyx pinkish brown; corolla yellow, longest petal 8–14 mm; androecium heterantherous, stamens 7, staminodes 3; anthers of middle stamens 2.6–3.5 mm, of abaxial stamens 4–5 mm, truncate, dehiscing by 2 pores, apical appendage 0; gynoecium incurved, ovules 20–28; ovary glabrous or slightly hairy; style incurved, not dilated. |
Legumes | pendulous, flat, straight, 220–370 × 80–140 mm, woody, indehiscent or splitting transversely into woody segments. |
ascending, flat, curved downward, 65–110 × 7.5–11 mm, corrugated over seeds, tardily dehiscent, each seed compartment wider than long. |
Seeds | reddish brown, obovoid to oblong-obovoid. |
dark reddish brown, obovoid or oblong-obovoid. |
2n | = 28. |
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Senna atomaria |
Senna marilandica |
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Phenology | Flowering late winter–late spring. | Flowering mid summer–early fall. |
Habitat | Disturbed habitats. | Open woodlands, valley floors, creek banks, swamps, thickets, pastures. |
Elevation | 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán); Central America (including Caribbean Islands); South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela) [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV
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Discussion | As with other trees from deciduous and semi-deciduous vegetation, Senna atomaria is covered with flowers before developing the foliage (H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982). In the flora area, it occurs naturalized only very locally in Collier County (R. P. Wunderlin et al., http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Senna marilandica is introduced in southern California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cassia atomaria, C. emarginata | Cassia marilandica, C. reflexa, Ditremexa marilandica, D. medsgeri, D. nashii, S. riparia |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 588. (1982) | (Linnaeus) Link: Handbuch 2: 140. (1829) — (as marylandica) |
Web links |