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flor de San Jose, flor de san josé, palo zorillo

privet senna

Habit Shrubs or trees, to 20 m. Leaves mesophyllous to slightly sclerophyllous, 8.5–28.5 cm, hairy, sometimes densely; stipules caducous; extrafloral nectaries 0; leaflet pairs 2–5, blades bicolored, usually obovate to elliptic, sometimes ovate, 20–130 × 10–60 mm. Herbs, perennial, bushy, to 2 m; branches green.
Leaves

mesophyllous, 10–27 cm, glabrous or glabrate;

stipules caducous;

extrafloral nectaries 1(or 2), base of petiole or, in some leaves, along petiole, sometimes also between first, and rarely subsequent, pair of leaflets, subsessile or shortly stipitate, globose-flattened;

leaflet pairs 4–8, blades obliquely lanceolate, 30–70 × 6–22 mm.

Racemes

5–55-flowered, not spikelike;

bracts early caducous, to 5 mm.

usually 5–40-flowered;

bracts caducous, green, equal to or shorter than bud.

Pedicels

13–28 mm.

10–26 mm.

Flowers

asymmetric, enantiostylous;

calyx greenish to yellow;

corolla yellow-orange, slightly dark-veined, longest petal 12–23 mm, highly asymmetric, 1 or both lower petals highly modified, strongly concave and folded over stamens (flag-shaped);

androecium slightly heterantherous, stamens 7 (similar in shape and size, abaxial ones slightly longer), staminodes 3;

anthers 2.8–5 mm, dehiscing by 2 short slits, apical appendage 0;

gynoecium incurved, ovules 46–70;

ovary glabrate, sometimes becoming hairy after fertilization;

style stout.

monosymmetric;

calyx greenish or yellowish;

corolla yellow, longest petal 12–25 mm;

androecium heterantherous, stamens 7, staminodes 3;

anthers of middle stamens to 3.6–5 mm, of abaxial stamens 4–5.8 mm, elongated beyond pores, dehiscing by U-shaped pore, apical appendage short, linguiform, thickened;

gynoecium incurved, ovules 36–56;

ovary finely hairy;

style slightly incurved.

Legumes

pendulous, flat, straight, 220–370 × 80–140 mm, woody, indehiscent or splitting transversely into woody segments.

ascending, subcylindrical, slightly curved, 70–140 × 5–8.5 mm, corrugated over seeds, indehiscent.

Seeds

reddish brown, obovoid to oblong-obovoid.

olive green or smoke-gray, obovoid to oblong-ellipsoid.

Senna atomaria

Senna ligustrina

Phenology Flowering late winter–late spring. Flowering mid summer–early spring (year-round).
Habitat Disturbed habitats. Open woodlands, thickets, hammocks, pastures, roadsides.
Elevation 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) 0–40 m. (0–100 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán); Central America (including Caribbean Islands); South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; West Indies; Central America (Panama)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

As with other trees from deciduous and semi-deciduous vegetation, Senna atomaria is covered with flowers before developing the foliage (H. S. Irwin and R. C. Barneby 1982). In the flora area, it occurs naturalized only very locally in Collier County (R. P. Wunderlin et al., http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Senna
Sibling taxa
S. alata, S. armata, S. artemisioides, S. bauhinioides, S. corymbosa, S. covesii, S. durangensis, S. hebecarpa, S. hirsuta, S. ligustrina, S. lindheimeriana, S. marilandica, S. mexicana, S. multiglandulosa, S. obtusifolia, S. occidentalis, S. orcuttii, S. pendula, S. pilosior, S. pumilio, S. ripleyana, S. roemeriana, S. surattensis, S. wislizeni
S. alata, S. armata, S. artemisioides, S. atomaria, S. bauhinioides, S. corymbosa, S. covesii, S. durangensis, S. hebecarpa, S. hirsuta, S. lindheimeriana, S. marilandica, S. mexicana, S. multiglandulosa, S. obtusifolia, S. occidentalis, S. orcuttii, S. pendula, S. pilosior, S. pumilio, S. ripleyana, S. roemeriana, S. surattensis, S. wislizeni
Synonyms Cassia atomaria, C. emarginata Cassia ligustrina, C. bahamensis, C. turquinae, Ditremexa confusa, D. ligustrina, Peiranisia turquinae
Name authority (Linnaeus) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 588. (1982) (Linnaeus) H. S. Irwin & Barneby: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35: 409. (1982)
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