Schoenoplectus californicus |
Schoenoplectus erectus |
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California bulrush, giant bulrush, southern bulrush, tule |
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Rhizomes | 10–15 mm diam. |
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Culms | bluntly trigonous with nearly flat sides throughout to cylindric proximally, obscurely trigonous distally, 1–4 m × 4–10 mm, smooth. |
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Leaves | 3–4, basal, ca. 1/6 culm length; sheath fronts coarsely pinnate-fibrillose; blades 0–1, dorsiventrally flat, not more than 1/2 sheath length, distal blade to 20 × 2 mm. |
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Inflorescences | 3 or more times branched, branches to 21 cm; proximal bract usually erect, obtusely trigonous to subcylindric-channeled, 1–8 cm, margins often scabridulous. |
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Spikelets | 25–150+, solitary and in clusters of 2 or more, 5–11 × 3 mm; scales orange-brown, brightly lineolate-spotted, broadly oval, 2.5 × 2 mm, margins ciliolate, flanks veinless, apex rounded, notch 0.1–0.2 mm deep, awn not contorted, usually bent outward, 0.3 mm, sparsely scabrous. |
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Flowers | perianth members 2–4, dark red-brown, thickly strap-shaped or trigonous, equaling achenes, fringed with brownish, soft, blunt hairs; anthers 1.5 mm; styles 2-fid. |
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Achenes | dark gray-brown when ripe, unequally biconvex or plano-convex, ovoid to obovoid, 1.8–2.2 × 1.3 mm; beak 0.2 mm. |
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2n | = 68. |
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Schoenoplectus californicus |
Schoenoplectus erectus |
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Phenology | Fruiting spring–summer. | |
Habitat | Brackish to fresh marshes, shores, often emergent in water | |
Elevation | 0–1400 m (0–4600 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; FL; GA; KS; LA; MS; NC; NM; NV; OK; SC; TN; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America (s to Argentina, Chile); Pacific Islands (Cook Islands, Easter Island, Hawaii) [Introduced, New Zealand]
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AL; FL; GA; SC; TX; South America; Very locally distributed in North America; Asia; Africa; Australia |
Discussion | Schoenoplectus californicus forms sterile hybrids with S. acutus in California (see 1. S. tabernaemontani) (S. G. Smith 1995). It reportedly occurs in Pope County, Illinois, although I have not seen a specimen. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (1 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 50. | FNA vol. 23. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Schoenoplectus > sect. Schoenoplectus | Cyperaceae > Schoenoplectus > sect. Supini |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Elytrospermum californicum, Scirpus californicus | Scirpus erectus |
Name authority | (C. A. Meyer) Soják: Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 127. (1972) | (Poiret) Palla ex J. Raynal: Adansonia, n. s. 16: 141. (1976) |
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