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sunnybells, swamp candle, yellow sunnybell

rush-lily, sunnybell

Habit Plants with prominent bulbs at tops of vertical rootstocks; bulbs ovoid to elongate, to 17 mm diam. Herbs, perennial, scapose, glabrous, from rootstocks; rootstock vertical, 1–12 cm, fleshy, sometimes bulbose; principal roots contractile, arising from tops of rootstocks.
Bulbs

, when present, ovoid or elongate, scales lunate.

Leaves

3–7, 20–32 cm × 5–8 mm, not withering to persistent fibers;

blade flattened or somewhat keeled, usually equaling or exceeding inflorescence, base fleshy.

2–7, basal;

blade flat to nearly terete, sometimes keeled.

Inflorescences

seldom branched;

bracts ovate-obtuse to lanceolate-acuminate.

racemose or 1–3(–6)-branched, bracteate, flowers initially crowded, internodes elongating after anthesis.

Flowers

tepals seldom strongly recurved, yellow, each with green or reddish abaxial stripe, 3–5-veined, ovate to ovate-oblong, 4.5–6 mm, apex obtuse;

ovary green or greenish yellow.

soon deciduous if unfertilized;

tepals persistent, withering separately to base, distinct, yellow or white, each 3–7-veined, equal, 2–6 mm;

stamens 6;

filaments equal, shorter than tepals, 1–2 mm, inner 3 nectariferous at base;

anthers introrse;

ovary superior, globose, 3-lobed, 3-locular, placentation axile, ovules 2 per locule;

style 1;

stigma unlobed or slightly 3-lobed;

pedicel 6–15(–30 mm).

Fruits

capsular, dehiscent, flattened or indented at top, prominently 3-lobed.

Seeds

glossy black, globose, flattened on 1 side, smooth.

x

= 12.

2n

= 24, 30, 32.

Schoenolirion croceum

Schoenolirion

Phenology Flowering mid Mar–mid Apr in south and west; Apr–mid May in north; dormant by late Jun.
Habitat Rock outcrops, moist pinelands
Elevation 0–400 m (0–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; NC; SC; TN; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
se United States; including e Tex
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Schoenolirion croceum is very localized on limestone outcrops in central Tennessee and northern Alabama, sandstone outcrops of the Alabama plateau region, granite outcrops of the Georgia and Carolina Piedmont, Selma chalk outcrops in western Alabama, and wet pinelands and boggy areas in more southern and western parts of its range. All of these habitats are very wet in spring and often very dry in summer.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 3 (3 in the flora).

Excluded species:

Schoenolirion texanum (scheele).a. gray and oxytria texana (scheele).pollard are names based upon ornithogalum texanum scheele, which is the same as camassia scilloides (rafinesque).cory, and does not belong to schoenolirion

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves without fleshy bases, arising from tops of vertical rootstocks, withering to persistent fibers; inflorescences 1–3(–6)-branched; tepals white or greenish white.
S. albiflorum
1. Leaves with fleshy bases, arising from bulbs at tops of vertical rootstocks, not withering to persistent fibers; inflorescences seldom branched; tepals white or yellow.
→ 2
2. Tepals yellow.
S. croceum
2. Tepals white.
S. wrightii
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 313. FNA vol. 26, p. 312. Author: H. L. Sherman.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Schoenolirion Liliaceae
Sibling taxa
S. albiflorum, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. albiflorum, S. croceum, S. wrightii
Synonyms Phalangium croceum, Oxytria crocea Amblystima, Oxytria
Name authority (Michaux) Alph. Wood: Amer. Bot. Fl., 344. (1870) Torrey ex Durand: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, 3: 103. (1855)
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