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Texas feathershank

feathershank

Habit Herbs, perennial, scapose, from tunicate bulb-rhizomes.
Bulbs

ellipsoid to plumply ovoid, 2–4.5 × 1.2–4 cm diam., usually arranged either in a circle or semicircle around a common rhizome, or one above the other on a vertical rhizome.

Leaves

5–8, 15–60 cm × 2–6 mm, shorter than raceme to just surpassing it, rarely longer.

narrow, grasslike, emerging conduplicate from neck of fibrous tunic.

Scape

13.5–55 cm.

Racemes

condensed, 30–250-flowered, 4–32 cm, flowers closely packed along axis.

Inflorescences

racemose, simple;

racemes spikelike, flowers subtended by a persistent, membranous bract;

distalmost bracts empty or concealing rudimentary flowers.

Flowers

tepals linear to cuneate proximally and broadly subulate distally, 2.3–3.8 mm, fleshy, margins entire or rarely irregularly crenate;

auricles distinct or absent;

filaments subulate, 2 times tepal length.

proximalmost bisexual, distalmost functionally staminate;

tepals withering-persistent, 6, distinct, equal, leathery to slightly petaloid, yellowish green, green, or greenish purple, not clawed, linear-lanceolate to ovate, margins entire to crenulate or minutely denticulate;

hyaline basal auricle sometimes present;

perigonal nectaries not well developed;

stamens 6, distinct;

filaments withering-persistent, subulate or rarely distally dilated, 1.5–2.5 times tepal length;

anthers basifixed, narrowly sagittate before dehiscence, explanate after, extrose;

ovary superior, 3-locular, locules barely cohesive to connate;

styles persistent, 3, distinct.

Fruits

capsular, 1–3-locular, dehiscence septicidal.

Capsules

1–3-locular, ellipsoid to plumply ovoid, 0.8–1.9 cm × 5–12 mm.

Seeds

2–4(–8) per locule, 3–6.7 × 1.6–2.2 mm.

1–8 per locule, ellipsoid to ovoid or conic, irregularly compressed or angled by mutual pressure.

x

= 8. 

2n

= 16.

Schoenocaulon texanum

Schoenocaulon

Phenology Flowering spring–early summer, sometimes later following unseasonable rainfall.
Habitat Occasional in dry, rocky, limestone soils in chaparrals, usually growing under scrubby vegetation
Elevation 0–2200 m (0–7200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosí)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Western Hemisphere; especially Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The morphology of Schoenocaulon texanum is peculiarly dependent upon annual rainfall. Plants of small stature but average bulb size can be readily distinguished as the products of one or several seasons of lower than normal rainfall. The hallmarks of such plants are congested racemes, few flowers, these often appearing withered and brown, and ovaries that do not mature or have perhaps only one small locule ripening to produce a few seeds.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 24 (3 in the flora).

Schoenocaulon has rarely been collected in the United States in recent times; all three species are possibly threatened. The genus is a source of cerveratrum alkaloids.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Racemes loose, flowers well separated along axis; Florida.
S. dubium
1. Racemes condensed, flowers closely packed along axis; New Mexico, Texas.
→ 2
2. Tepal margins crenulate to minutely denticulate.
S. ghiesbreghtii
2. Tepal margins entire.
S. texanum
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 81. FNA vol. 26, p. 79. Author: Dawn Frame.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Schoenocaulon Liliaceae
Sibling taxa
S. dubium, S. ghiesbreghtii
Subordinate taxa
S. dubium, S. ghiesbreghtii, S. texanum
Synonyms Asagraea, Sabadilla, Skoinolon
Name authority Scheele: Linnaea 25: 262. (1852) A. Gray: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 4: 127. (1837)
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