Schoenocaulon texanum |
Schoenocaulon |
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Texas feathershank |
feathershank |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, scapose, from tunicate bulb-rhizomes. | |
Bulbs | ellipsoid to plumply ovoid, 2–4.5 × 1.2–4 cm diam., usually arranged either in a circle or semicircle around a common rhizome, or one above the other on a vertical rhizome. |
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Leaves | 5–8, 15–60 cm × 2–6 mm, shorter than raceme to just surpassing it, rarely longer. |
narrow, grasslike, emerging conduplicate from neck of fibrous tunic. |
Scape | 13.5–55 cm. |
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Racemes | condensed, 30–250-flowered, 4–32 cm, flowers closely packed along axis. |
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Inflorescences | racemose, simple; racemes spikelike, flowers subtended by a persistent, membranous bract; distalmost bracts empty or concealing rudimentary flowers. |
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Flowers | tepals linear to cuneate proximally and broadly subulate distally, 2.3–3.8 mm, fleshy, margins entire or rarely irregularly crenate; auricles distinct or absent; filaments subulate, 2 times tepal length. |
proximalmost bisexual, distalmost functionally staminate; tepals withering-persistent, 6, distinct, equal, leathery to slightly petaloid, yellowish green, green, or greenish purple, not clawed, linear-lanceolate to ovate, margins entire to crenulate or minutely denticulate; hyaline basal auricle sometimes present; perigonal nectaries not well developed; stamens 6, distinct; filaments withering-persistent, subulate or rarely distally dilated, 1.5–2.5 times tepal length; anthers basifixed, narrowly sagittate before dehiscence, explanate after, extrose; ovary superior, 3-locular, locules barely cohesive to connate; styles persistent, 3, distinct. |
Fruits | capsular, 1–3-locular, dehiscence septicidal. |
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Capsules | 1–3-locular, ellipsoid to plumply ovoid, 0.8–1.9 cm × 5–12 mm. |
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Seeds | 2–4(–8) per locule, 3–6.7 × 1.6–2.2 mm. |
1–8 per locule, ellipsoid to ovoid or conic, irregularly compressed or angled by mutual pressure. |
x | = 8. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Schoenocaulon texanum |
Schoenocaulon |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–early summer, sometimes later following unseasonable rainfall. | |
Habitat | Occasional in dry, rocky, limestone soils in chaparrals, usually growing under scrubby vegetation | |
Elevation | 0–2200 m (0–7200 ft) | |
Distribution |
NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosí)
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Western Hemisphere; especially Mexico |
Discussion | The morphology of Schoenocaulon texanum is peculiarly dependent upon annual rainfall. Plants of small stature but average bulb size can be readily distinguished as the products of one or several seasons of lower than normal rainfall. The hallmarks of such plants are congested racemes, few flowers, these often appearing withered and brown, and ovaries that do not mature or have perhaps only one small locule ripening to produce a few seeds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 24 (3 in the flora). Schoenocaulon has rarely been collected in the United States in recent times; all three species are possibly threatened. The genus is a source of cerveratrum alkaloids. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Key | ||
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 81. | FNA vol. 26, p. 79. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Schoenocaulon | Liliaceae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Asagraea, Sabadilla, Skoinolon | |
Name authority | Scheele: Linnaea 25: 262. (1852) | A. Gray: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 4: 127. (1837) |
Web links |