Schizachyrium scoparium |
Schizachyrium cirratum |
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broom bluestem, little bluestem |
Texas beardgrass, Texas bluestem, Texas schizachyrium |
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Habit | Plants cespitose or rhizomatous, green to purplish, sometimes glaucous. | Plants cespitose or shortly rhizomatous. | ||||||||
Culms | 7-210 cm tall, usually 1-3 mm thick, not rooting or branching at the lower nodes. |
31-75 cm, often decumbent, not rooting or branching at the lower nodes, glabrous, glaucous, sometimes purplish. |
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Sheaths | rounded or keeled, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes glaucous; ligules 0.5-2 mm, collars neither elongate nor narrowed; blades 7-105 cm long, 1.5-9 mm wide, without a longitudinal stripe of white, spongy tissue. |
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Peduncles | 0.8-10 cm; rames 2.5-8 cm, partially to completely exserted, usually somewhat open; internodes 3-7 mm, usually arcuate at maturity, ciliate on at least the distal 1/2 (sometimes throughout), hairs 1.5-6 mm. |
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Pedicels | 3-7.5 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide at the base, flaring above midlength to 0.3-0.5 mm, straight or curving outwards. |
3.5-5 mm long, 0.2-0.5 mm wide at the base, widening to 0.5-1 mm, straight, with a tuft of hairs at the base, distal 1/2 usually ciliate on 1 side, sometimes on both sides. |
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Sessile | spikelets 3-11 mm; calluses 0.5-1(2) mm, hairs 0.3-4 mm; lower glumes glabrous; upper lemmas membranous throughout, cleft to 1/2 their length; awns 2.5-17 mm. |
spikelets 8-10 mm; calluses 0.3-0.6 mm, hairs 0.5-1.2 mm; glumes glabrous or scabrous; awns 13-24 mm. |
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Pedicellate | spikelets 0.7-10 mm, sometimes shorter than the sessile spikelets, sterile or staminate, unawned or awned, awns to 4 mm, when sterile, the lemma usually absent. |
spikelets 6-8 mm, about as long as the sessile spikelets, usually staminate, sometimes sterile, unawned. |
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Ligules | 1-2.5 mm; blades 6-17 cm long, 2-4 mm wide, glabrous, without a longitudinal stripe of white, spongy tissue. |
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Rames | 4-6 cm, usually exerted, straight, often somewhat stiff, not flexuous, appearing linear; internodes straight, with a tuft of hairs near the base, elsewhere glabrous or ciliate on the margins. |
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2n | = 40. |
= 20 (for var. cirratum). |
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Schizachyrium scoparium |
Schizachyrium cirratum |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; QC; SK
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AZ; CA; NM; TX |
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Discussion | Schizachyrium scoparium is a widespread grassland species extending from Canada to Mexico. It is one of the principal grasses in the tallgrass prairies that used to dominate the central plains of North America. It exhibits considerable variation, much of it clinal. The following varieties are recognized because they are morphologically, ecologically, and geographically distinctive. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Schizachyrium cirratum grows on rocky slopes, mostly at elevations of 5000 feet or higher, from southern California to western Texas into Mexico, and is known from South America. It is an excellent forage grass. Plants in the Flora region differ from those in central Mexico in being essentially non-rhizomatous and in having glabrous rame axes and pedicels that are ciliate only on the distal half. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 25, p. 669. | FNA vol. 25, p. 674. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Schizachyrium | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Schizachyrium | ||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Andropogon scoparius | Andropogon cirratus | ||||||||
Name authority | (Michx.) Nash | (Hack.) Wooton & Standi. | ||||||||
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