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crimson bluestem

gulf bluestem

Habit Plants cespitose. Plants often appearing rhizomatous.
Culms

40-120 cm, erect, not rooting or branching at the lower nodes, glabrous.

35-80 cm, solitary, decumbent, branching at the lower nodes, often rooting from nodes in contact with the soil.

Sheaths

glabrous, rounded;

ligules 0.7-2 mm;

blades 7-20 cm long, 1-6 mm wide, usually with long, papillose-based hairs basally, glabrous elsewhere, sometimes scabrous, without a longitudinal stripe of white, spongy tissue.

Leaves

glaucous throughout;

sheaths shorter than the internodes, keeled;

collars constricted, elongate;

ligules 0.5-1 mm;

blades 11-142 cm long, 3.5-5.5 mm wide, folded, without a longitudinal stripe of white, spongy tissue.

Peduncles

4-6 cm;

rames 4-15 cm, not open, usually almost fully exserted at maturity;

internodes 4-6 mm, straight, from mostly glabrous with a tuft of hairs at the base to densely hirsute all over.

1-6 cm; subtending leaf sheaths 3.2-6.6 cm long, 3-6.5 mm wide;

rames 2.5-6.5 cm, flexuous, usually partially exserted, appearing somewhat open;

internodes 4-5.5 mm, straight, pubescent for 1/2 - 3/4 of their length, hairs 2.5-6 mm.

Pedicels

3-6 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide at the base, gradually widening to about 0.6-0.8 mm at the top, straight.

5-7 mm, as conspicuously villous as the rachis.

Sessile

spikelets 5-9 mm;

calluses 0.5-1 mm, hairs to 2 mm;

lower glumes glabrous or densely pubescent;

upper lemmas cleft for (2/3)3/4-7/8 of their length;

awns 15-25 mm.

spikelets 9-11 mm;

calluses 0.3-0.5 mm;

hairs to 1 mm;

awns 8-13 mm.

Pedicellate

spikelets 3-5 mm, usually evidently shorter than the sessile spikelets, sterile or staminate, awned, awns 0.3-6 mm.

spikelets 4.5-8.5 mm, staminate, unawned or awned, awns to 3.5 mm.

2n

= 40.

Schizachyrium sanguineum

Schizachyrium maritimum

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AZ; FL; GA; NM; TX; PR; Virgin Islands
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; LA; MS
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Schizachyrium sanguineum extends from the southern United States to Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Schizachyrium maritimum is endemic to the south-eastern United States, growing in sandy areas, usually at the ocean waterline but also along roads in low, dune areas, from Louisiana to the Florida panhandle.

The plants often appear rhizomatous because the lower, decumbent portions of the culms are frequently covered by sand. It is an effective sand binder and can withstand frequent inundation by sea water, the constricted collar permitting the blades to sway freely when subjected to wind or wave action.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Lower glumes of the sessile spikelets glabrous or scabrous; pedicels ciliate on 1 edge
var. sanguineum
1. Lower glumes of the sessile spikelets pubescent to hirsute; pedicels ciliate on both edges
var. hirtiflorum
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 674. FNA vol. 25, p. 672.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Schizachyrium Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Andropogoneae > Schizachyrium
Sibling taxa
S. cirratum, S. littorale, S. maritimum, S. niveum, S. rhizomatum, S. scoparium, S. spadiceum, S. tenerum
S. cirratum, S. littorale, S. niveum, S. rhizomatum, S. sanguineum, S. scoparium, S. spadiceum, S. tenerum
Subordinate taxa
S. sanguineum var. hirtiflorum, S. sanguineum var. sanguineum
Synonyms Andropogon maritimus
Name authority (Retz.) Alston (Chapm.) Nash
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