Flora of North America species comparison

1.2–12 cm, central strand weak or absent.

1–3.8 cm, central strand distinct.

erect or curved, rarely (falcate-) secund when dry, ovate-lanceolate, sharply keeled distally, (1.3–)1.7–2.5(–3.2) mm, 1-stratose or rarely 2-stratose in striae distally;

margins usually recurved throughout or to just before the apex, usually denticulate distally, 1 or 2-stratose;

apices acute or sub-obtuse;

costa percurrent or excurrent as a smooth or weakly denticulate, occasionally decurrent awn, abaxial surface often papillose;

basal marginal cells usually quadrate;

distal laminal cells mostly short-rectangular, 8–10 µm wide, smooth, sinuose.

erect or curved, usually imbricate, ovate-lanceolate to ovate-triangular, broadly keeled distally, 1.2–1.7(–2) mm, 1-stratose with 2-stratose patches or evenly 2-stratose distally;

margins recurved to near apex, smooth, usually 2-stratose, occasionally multistratose;

apices acute or blunt;

costa sub-percurrent or excurrent as a lightly denticulate, usually broad-based, and flexuose awn that often embraces a portion of the leaf apex, smooth;

basal marginal cells quadrate or short-rectangular;

distal laminal cells ovate or short-rectangular, 6–10 µm wide, sinuose, trigonous.

autoicous.

autoicous.

dark red or brown, short-cylindric, 0.7–1.3 mm;

exothecial cells usually quadrate, sometimes mixed with short-elongate or oblate cells, thin-walled, usually trigonous;

stomata present;

peristome patent or erect, often twisted, 350–600(–700) µm, red, densely papillose, usually perforated.

red- or orange-brown, short-cylindric, 0.8–1.1(–1.3) mm;

exothecial cells mostly elongate, mixed with isodiametric and a few oblate cells, thin-walled, sometimes trigonous;

stomata present;

peristome patent to recurved, sometimes twisted, 270–440 µm, bright red or orange, densely papillose, strongly perforated with uneven margins.

11–14(–19) µm, granulose or smooth.

8–12 µm, granulose or nearly smooth.