Flora of North America species comparison

1.2–12 cm, central strand weak or absent.

0.8–5 cm, central strand absent.

erect or curved, rarely (falcate-) secund when dry, ovate-lanceolate, sharply keeled distally, (1.3–)1.7–2.5(–3.2) mm, 1-stratose or rarely 2-stratose in striae distally;

margins usually recurved throughout or to just before the apex, usually denticulate distally, 1 or 2-stratose;

apices acute or sub-obtuse;

costa percurrent or excurrent as a smooth or weakly denticulate, occasionally decurrent awn, abaxial surface often papillose;

basal marginal cells usually quadrate;

distal laminal cells mostly short-rectangular, 8–10 µm wide, smooth, sinuose.

usually curved, sometimes erect, often somewhat contorted when dry, ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, keeled, (1.2–)1.5–2.6(–4) mm, usually 2-stratose distally;

margins usually plane distally, recurved proximally, smooth or papillose, 2-stratose or 3-stratose, rarely 4-stratose distally;

apices acute or blunt, sometimes ending in a short, fleshy, multistratose apiculus;

costa percurrent, rarely excurrent as a short denticulate awn, with guide cells and one or two stereid bands, abaxial surface usually slightly papillose;

basal marginal cells quadrate or short-rectangular, often trigonous;

distal laminal cells isodiametric, rounded or angular, sometimes short-rectangular, 7–11 µm wide, smooth or weakly papillose, sometimes weakly bulging-mammillose, straight or slightly sinuose.

autoicous.

autoicous.

dark red or brown, short-cylindric, 0.7–1.3 mm;

exothecial cells usually quadrate, sometimes mixed with short-elongate or oblate cells, thin-walled, usually trigonous;

stomata present;

peristome patent or erect, often twisted, 350–600(–700) µm, red, densely papillose, usually perforated.

dark reddish brown or dark brown, ovoid, cupulate, or campanulate, 0.6–1.3 mm;

exothecial cells usually angular, isodiametric, occasionally elongate, thick-walled;

stomata present;

peristome patent to revolute, 200–500 µm, red, papillose, often strongly perforated.

11–14(–19) µm, granulose or smooth.

15–30 µm, granulose.