Flora of North America species comparison

1.2–12 cm, central strand weak or absent.

0.5–2 cm, central strand indistinct.

erect or curved, rarely (falcate-) secund when dry, ovate-lanceolate, sharply keeled distally, (1.3–)1.7–2.5(–3.2) mm, 1-stratose or rarely 2-stratose in striae distally;

margins usually recurved throughout or to just before the apex, usually denticulate distally, 1 or 2-stratose;

apices acute or sub-obtuse;

costa percurrent or excurrent as a smooth or weakly denticulate, occasionally decurrent awn, abaxial surface often papillose;

basal marginal cells usually quadrate;

distal laminal cells mostly short-rectangular, 8–10 µm wide, smooth, sinuose.

erect or weakly curved when dry, ovate-lanceolate to ovate-triangular strongly keeled distally, 1.3–1.9(–2.4) mm, 1-stratose, rarely with a few 2-stratose striae distally;

margins recurved to just before the apex, smooth, 2-stratose with 1-stratose patches;

apices acute;

costa excurrent as an often long, finely denticulate, straight or flexuose, and sometimes decurrent awn, often embracing part of the lamina, rarely percurrent, smooth;

basal marginal cells short-rectangular, usually with transverse walls thicker than longitudinal walls;

distal cells mainly ovate or short-rectangular, 7–10 µm wide, smooth, straight or slightly sinuose.

autoicous.

autoicous.

dark red or brown, short-cylindric, 0.7–1.3 mm;

exothecial cells usually quadrate, sometimes mixed with short-elongate or oblate cells, thin-walled, usually trigonous;

stomata present;

peristome patent or erect, often twisted, 350–600(–700) µm, red, densely papillose, usually perforated.

orange-brown or yellow-brown, cupulate, 0.6–0.9 mm;

exothecial often irregularly angular, short-elongate or isodiametric, thin-walled or slightly thickened, occasionally with small trigones;

rim red;

stomata present;

operculum mamillate;

peristome absent or rudimentary, consisting of basal segments, to 30 µm, yellowish or orange-red, papillose.

11–14(–19) µm, granulose or smooth.

8–10 µm, granulose or verruculose.