Flora of North America species comparison

1.2–12 cm, central strand weak or absent.

0.8–2.5 cm, central strand distinct.

erect or curved, rarely (falcate-) secund when dry, ovate-lanceolate, sharply keeled distally, (1.3–)1.7–2.5(–3.2) mm, 1-stratose or rarely 2-stratose in striae distally;

margins usually recurved throughout or to just before the apex, usually denticulate distally, 1 or 2-stratose;

apices acute or sub-obtuse;

costa percurrent or excurrent as a smooth or weakly denticulate, occasionally decurrent awn, abaxial surface often papillose;

basal marginal cells usually quadrate;

distal laminal cells mostly short-rectangular, 8–10 µm wide, smooth, sinuose.

erect or curved, rarely falcate, imbricate when dry, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, strongly keeled distally, (0.9–)1.4–2(–2.3) mm, 1-stratose;

margins usually recurved to just before the apex, proximally often more broadly recurved on one side of leaf, distal 1/3 often plane, smooth, 1-stratose with 2-stratose sections;

apices acute or sub-obtuse;

costa excurrent as a denticulate, flexuose, usually strongly decurrent awn, often embracing part of the lamina, smooth;

basal marginal cells short-rectangular, occasionally with transverse walls thicker than longitudinal walls;

distal cells mainly short-rectangular or quadrate, 7–10(–11.5) µm wide, smooth, usually strongly sinuose.

autoicous.

autoicous.

dark red or brown, short-cylindric, 0.7–1.3 mm;

exothecial cells usually quadrate, sometimes mixed with short-elongate or oblate cells, thin-walled, usually trigonous;

stomata present;

peristome patent or erect, often twisted, 350–600(–700) µm, red, densely papillose, usually perforated.

orange-brown or reddish brown, campanulate, 0.5–0.6 mm;

exothecial cells short-elongate or isodiametric, often more or less quadrate, thin-walled or slightly thickened, small trigones usually present;

stomata present;

operculum rostrate;

peristome rudimentary, consisting of basal segments, or absent, yellowish, papillose.

11–14(–19) µm, granulose or smooth.

8–12 µm, verruculose.