Flora of North America species comparison

1.2–12 cm, central strand weak or absent.

0.4–1.2 cm, central strand distinct.

erect or curved, rarely (falcate-) secund when dry, ovate-lanceolate, sharply keeled distally, (1.3–)1.7–2.5(–3.2) mm, 1-stratose or rarely 2-stratose in striae distally;

margins usually recurved throughout or to just before the apex, usually denticulate distally, 1 or 2-stratose;

apices acute or sub-obtuse;

costa percurrent or excurrent as a smooth or weakly denticulate, occasionally decurrent awn, abaxial surface often papillose;

basal marginal cells usually quadrate;

distal laminal cells mostly short-rectangular, 8–10 µm wide, smooth, sinuose.

erect or erect-incurved, sometimes with apices recurved when dry, ovate-lanceolate, keeled distally, 1.5–2 mm, 1-stratose or sometimes 2-stratose in striae distally;

margins plane throughout or sometimes narrowly recurved proximally, smooth, 2-stratose or multistratose distally;

apices acute, usually ending in a short, fleshy, multistratose apiculus, usually rounded, but sometimes acute and hyaline tipped;

costa percurrent or short-excurrent, smooth;

basal marginal cells quadrate or short-rectangular;

distal cells rounded, subquadrate, or short-rectangular, 5–10 µm wide, sometimes weakly bulging-mammillose, straight or weakly sinuose.

autoicous.

dioicous.

dark red or brown, short-cylindric, 0.7–1.3 mm;

exothecial cells usually quadrate, sometimes mixed with short-elongate or oblate cells, thin-walled, usually trigonous;

stomata present;

peristome patent or erect, often twisted, 350–600(–700) µm, red, densely papillose, usually perforated.

light brown, cupulate, or short-cylindric, 0.7–1 mm, sometimes lightly furrowed when dry;

exothecial cells mostly irregularly elongate, mixed with patches of unevenly angular cells, very thick-walled;

rim red;

stomata present;

peristome squarrose, 250–300 µm, reddish orange, densely to finely papillose, strongly perforated.

11–14(–19) µm, granulose or smooth.

14–16 µm, smooth or granulose.