Flora of North America species comparison

1.2–12 cm, central strand weak or absent.

erect, central strand present or absent.

erect or curved, rarely (falcate-) secund when dry, ovate-lanceolate, sharply keeled distally, (1.3–)1.7–2.5(–3.2) mm, 1-stratose or rarely 2-stratose in striae distally;

margins usually recurved throughout or to just before the apex, usually denticulate distally, 1 or 2-stratose;

apices acute or sub-obtuse;

costa percurrent or excurrent as a smooth or weakly denticulate, occasionally decurrent awn, abaxial surface often papillose;

basal marginal cells usually quadrate;

distal laminal cells mostly short-rectangular, 8–10 µm wide, smooth, sinuose.

erect or distally curved, rarely crisped, broadly oblong ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or narrowly lanceolate;

margins plane, incurved or recurved, entire to occasionally denticulate distally, costa entire distally, percurrent to excurrent, smooth, in transverse section semi-terete, occasionally terete, elliptical or reniform, with 2 or occasionally with 3–6 adaxial cells near base, usually not markedly larger than abaxial cells, often excurrent as a long awn, awn smooth to toothed but not papillose;

laminal cells smooth, mammillose, or papillose;

basal cells quadrate to elongate, straight to sometimes sinuous, rarely sinuose-nodulose, thin- to thick-walled, without spiral thickenings, hyaline along insertion or concolorous with more distal basal cells;

mid leaf cells mainly quadrate, to short rectangular, often sinuose but not sinuose-nodulose.

short to long, straight, arcuate, or sigmoid, smooth, one per perichaetium;

vaginula with straight epidermal cells.

autoicous.

autoicous or dioicous.

dark red or brown, short-cylindric, 0.7–1.3 mm;

exothecial cells usually quadrate, sometimes mixed with short-elongate or oblate cells, thin-walled, usually trigonous;

stomata present;

peristome patent or erect, often twisted, 350–600(–700) µm, red, densely papillose, usually perforated.

usually erect, rarely pendent, immersed to long-exserted, symmetric to ventricose, ovoid, obloid or cylindrical, sometimes globose, smooth or distinctly striate;

stomata present or absent;

annulus persistent or deciduous;

operculum mammillate to long-rostrate;

peristome absent basal membrane, distinctly thicker and trabeculate on the abaxial side, entire or split distally.

cucullate, mitrate, or mitrate-campanulate, smooth or plicate, not papillose, covering operculum to entire capsule.

11–14(–19) µm, granulose or smooth.

asexual reproduction absent or occasionally present as gemmae borne in axils of distal leaves or on leaf tips.