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schistidium moss

Habit Plants in open tufts or mats, olivaceous to brownish (black), sometimes with yellowish tones.
Stems

1.2–12 cm, central strand weak or absent.

Leaves

erect or curved, rarely (falcate-) secund when dry, ovate-lanceolate, sharply keeled distally, (1.3–)1.7–2.5(–3.2) mm, 1-stratose or rarely 2-stratose in striae distally;

margins usually recurved throughout or to just before the apex, usually denticulate distally, 1 or 2-stratose;

apices acute or sub-obtuse;

costa percurrent or excurrent as a smooth or weakly denticulate, occasionally decurrent awn, abaxial surface often papillose;

basal marginal cells usually quadrate;

distal laminal cells mostly short-rectangular, 8–10 µm wide, smooth, sinuose.

Sexual condition

autoicous.

Capsule

dark red or brown, short-cylindric, 0.7–1.3 mm;

exothecial cells usually quadrate, sometimes mixed with short-elongate or oblate cells, thin-walled, usually trigonous;

stomata present;

peristome patent or erect, often twisted, 350–600(–700) µm, red, densely papillose, usually perforated.

Spores

11–14(–19) µm, granulose or smooth.

Schistidium apocarpum

Phenology Capsules mature late spring to early summer.
Habitat Rocks in somewhat shaded habitats
Elevation low to moderate elevations (0-1500 m) (low to moderate elevations (0-4900 ft))
Distribution
from FNA
AK; MI; NY; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; Greenland; Eurasia
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Discussion

Although H. H. Blom (1996) considered Schistidium apocarpum to be restricted in the flora area to the eastern portions of North America, it is more widespread and scattered across the continent. The denticulate leaf margins, papillose abaxial costal surface, short-cylindrical capsules, and the thin-walled, often evenly quadrate exothecial cells are distinguishing characters. The long peristome teeth are also useful in identifying S. apocarpum. In good condition the peristome can only be confused with that of S. trichodon, which differs in the darker, often black color of its plants, the peristome teeth often forming a dome, and the cylindrical capsules that retain the columella.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 27, p. 211.
Parent taxa Grimmiaceae > subfam. Grimmioideae > Schistidium
Sibling taxa
S. agassizii, S. atrichum, S. atrofuscum, S. boreale, S. cinclidodonteum, S. confertum, S. crassipilum, S. crassithecium, S. cryptocarpum, S. dupretii, S. flaccidum, S. flexipile, S. frigidum, S. frisvollianum, S. grandirete, S. heterophyllum, S. holmenianum, S. liliputanum, S. maritimum, S. occidentale, S. papillosum, S. pulchrum, S. rivulare, S. robustum, S. strictum, S. subjulaceum, S. tenerum, S. trichodon, S. venetum
Synonyms Grimmia apocarpa, S. lancifolium, S. umbrosum
Name authority (Hedwig) Bruch & Schimper: Bryol. Europ. 3: 99. (1845)
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