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prickly saxifrage, saxifrage à trois dents, three-tooth saxifrage

saxifrage paniculée, White Mountain saxifrage

Habit Plants loosely mat-forming, (stems trailing), not stoloniferous, with elongate caudex or rhizomatous. Plants forming cushionlike tufts, stoloniferous, rhizomatous.
Leaves

cauline, (marcescent, crowded proximally);

petiole absent;

blade (often reddish), linear to cuneate, 1–3-lobed or -toothed apically (distal cauline unlobed), rarely all unlobed, (lobes long spinose-mucronate), 5–20 mm, leathery, margins entire, softly glandular-ciliate, (nonsecreting hydathodes present adaxially), apex acute, long spinose-mucronate, surfaces glabrous.

basal and cauline;

petiole absent;

blade oblong to obovate, unlobed, [5–]8–35[–50] mm, leathery-fleshy, margins finely serrate (teeth whitish), proximally ciliate, with lime-secreting hydathode (secretions obvious), apex obtuse to ± acute, surfaces glabrous.

Inflorescences

3–10-flowered cymes, 4–10(–24) cm, white to sparsely pink- to purple-tipped stipitate-glandular;

bracts sessile.

2–20-flowered, narrow, distally branched thyrses or cymes, sometimes solitary flowers, 6–40 cm, purple-tipped stipitate-glandular;

bracts sessile.

Flowers

sepals erect to ascending, (sometimes purplish), triangular-ovate, margins ± glandular-ciliate, surfaces white to purple-tipped stipitate-glandular;

petals white to cream, proximally to distally yellow-, orange-, and red-spotted, elliptic to ovate, 4–7 mm, much longer than sepals;

ovary superior.

sepals erect, (often reddish), oblong to ovate, margins eciliate, surfaces hairy;

petals white to cream or pink, sometimes orange- or purple-spotted, elliptic to oblong or obovate, 3–6 mm, longer than sepals;

ovary 1/2+ inferior.

2n

= 26.

= 28.

Saxifraga tricuspidata

Saxifraga paniculata

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer. Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat Open sandy, gravelly, or rocky sites, forest openings, grassy slopes, rocky ridges, stony tundra Rocky ledges and crevices, often calcareous areas
Elevation 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) 0-1200[-2200] m (0-3900[-7200] ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; MI; AB; BC; LB; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; VT; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; Greenland; Europe; Atlantic Islands (Iceland)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The rare, entire-leaved form of Saxifraga tricuspidata can be confused with S. bronchialis; it has glandular-ciliate margins instead of stiffly hooked-ciliate ones.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

C. Reisch (2008) studied the phylogeography of Saxifraga paniculata. North American populations originated postglacially from refugia south of the ice. Reisch suggested that North American populations may belong to subsp. laestadii (Neuman) T. Karlsson, found also in Iceland and northern Norway. The Manitoba report originates from Clearwater Lake (R. Humphrey s.n., 13 Sept. 1993, WIN 62868), where shaded, cool, calcareous cliffs provide suitable habitats that also host other eastern disjuncts (B. A. Ford, pers. comm.).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 142. FNA vol. 8, p. 137.
Parent taxa Saxifragaceae > Saxifraga Saxifragaceae > Saxifraga
Sibling taxa
S. adscendens, S. aizoides, S. aleutica, S. bracteata, S. bronchialis, S. cernua, S. cespitosa, S. cherlerioides, S. chrysantha, S. debilis, S. eschscholtzii, S. flagellaris, S. hirculus, S. hyperborea, S. mertensiana, S. nathorstii, S. oppositifolia, S. paniculata, S. radiata, S. rivularis, S. serpyllifolia, S. taylorii, S. tridactylites, S. vespertina
S. adscendens, S. aizoides, S. aleutica, S. bracteata, S. bronchialis, S. cernua, S. cespitosa, S. cherlerioides, S. chrysantha, S. debilis, S. eschscholtzii, S. flagellaris, S. hirculus, S. hyperborea, S. mertensiana, S. nathorstii, S. oppositifolia, S. radiata, S. rivularis, S. serpyllifolia, S. taylorii, S. tricuspidata, S. tridactylites, S. vespertina
Synonyms S. aizoön, S. aizoön var. neogaea, S. paniculata subsp. laestadii, S. paniculata subsp. neogaea
Name authority Rotbøll: Skr. Kiøbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 446. 1770 (as 3cuspidata) , Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Saxifraga no. 3. 1768 ,
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