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prickly saxifrage, saxifrage à trois dents, three-tooth saxifrage

Merten's or wood or woodland saxifrage, Mertens' saxifrage, wood saxifrage, woodland saxifrage

Habit Plants loosely mat-forming, (stems trailing), not stoloniferous, with elongate caudex or rhizomatous. Plants solitary or in clumps, not stoloniferous, with caudex or short-rhizomatous.
Leaves

cauline, (marcescent, crowded proximally);

petiole absent;

blade (often reddish), linear to cuneate, 1–3-lobed or -toothed apically (distal cauline unlobed), rarely all unlobed, (lobes long spinose-mucronate), 5–20 mm, leathery, margins entire, softly glandular-ciliate, (nonsecreting hydathodes present adaxially), apex acute, long spinose-mucronate, surfaces glabrous.

basal and cauline, (basal persistent, cauline ± inconspicuous);

petiole rounded, 2–20 mm;

blade round to reniform, irregularly shallowly lobed, 20–80(–100) mm, thin, margins serrate, stipitate glandular-ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces sparsely hairy.

Inflorescences

3–10-flowered cymes, 4–10(–24) cm, white to sparsely pink- to purple-tipped stipitate-glandular;

bracts sessile.

30+-flowered, open, much-branched thyrses, usually some or all flowers replaced by bulbils (sometimes bulbils absent), 15–40 cm, dark purple-tipped stipitate-glandular;

bracts (± inconspicuous), petiolate or sessile.

Flowers

sepals erect to ascending, (sometimes purplish), triangular-ovate, margins ± glandular-ciliate, surfaces white to purple-tipped stipitate-glandular;

petals white to cream, proximally to distally yellow-, orange-, and red-spotted, elliptic to ovate, 4–7 mm, much longer than sepals;

ovary superior.

sepals reflexed (at least in fruit), ovate to elliptic, margins eciliate, surfaces sparsely stipitate-glandular or glabrous;

petals white, not spotted, narrowly ovate to elliptic, (3–)4–6 mm, longer than sepals;

filaments strongly club-shaped;

ovary superior.

2n

= 26.

= 36, ca. 48, 50.

Saxifraga tricuspidata

Saxifraga mertensiana

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer. Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Open sandy, gravelly, or rocky sites, forest openings, grassy slopes, rocky ridges, stony tundra Moist to wet stream banks, mossy cliffs and slopes, waterfall spray zones
Elevation 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; MI; AB; BC; LB; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The rare, entire-leaved form of Saxifraga tricuspidata can be confused with S. bronchialis; it has glandular-ciliate margins instead of stiffly hooked-ciliate ones.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Plants of Saxifraga mertensiana bear bulbils in the axils of basal leaves.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 142. FNA vol. 8, p. 146.
Parent taxa Saxifragaceae > Saxifraga Saxifragaceae > Saxifraga
Sibling taxa
S. adscendens, S. aizoides, S. aleutica, S. bracteata, S. bronchialis, S. cernua, S. cespitosa, S. cherlerioides, S. chrysantha, S. debilis, S. eschscholtzii, S. flagellaris, S. hirculus, S. hyperborea, S. mertensiana, S. nathorstii, S. oppositifolia, S. paniculata, S. radiata, S. rivularis, S. serpyllifolia, S. taylorii, S. tridactylites, S. vespertina
S. adscendens, S. aizoides, S. aleutica, S. bracteata, S. bronchialis, S. cernua, S. cespitosa, S. cherlerioides, S. chrysantha, S. debilis, S. eschscholtzii, S. flagellaris, S. hirculus, S. hyperborea, S. nathorstii, S. oppositifolia, S. paniculata, S. radiata, S. rivularis, S. serpyllifolia, S. taylorii, S. tricuspidata, S. tridactylites, S. vespertina
Synonyms S. mertensiana var. eastwoodiae
Name authority Rotbøll: Skr. Kiøbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 446. 1770 (as 3cuspidata) , Bongard: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 141. 1832 ,
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