Saxifraga tricuspidata |
Saxifraga hirculus |
|
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prickly saxifrage, saxifrage à trois dents, three-tooth saxifrage |
saxifrage oeil-de-bouc, yellow marsh saxifrage |
|
Habit | Plants loosely mat-forming, (stems trailing), not stoloniferous, with elongate caudex or rhizomatous. | Plants loosely tufted, not stoloniferous or sometimes shortly so, rhizomatous, caudex present or not. |
Leaves | cauline, (marcescent, crowded proximally); petiole absent; blade (often reddish), linear to cuneate, 1–3-lobed or -toothed apically (distal cauline unlobed), rarely all unlobed, (lobes long spinose-mucronate), 5–20 mm, leathery, margins entire, softly glandular-ciliate, (nonsecreting hydathodes present adaxially), apex acute, long spinose-mucronate, surfaces glabrous. |
basal and cauline, (distal clasping); petiole absent on distal leaves, otherwise ± flattened, 3–20(–35) mm; blade linear or linear-oblanceolate to spatulate, unlobed, (5–)10–30 mm, thin to slightly fleshy, margins entire, eciliate or sparsely reddish brown-ciliate, (with apical nonsecreting hydathode), apex acuminate or acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely reddish brown-villous. |
Inflorescences | 3–10-flowered cymes, 4–10(–24) cm, white to sparsely pink- to purple-tipped stipitate-glandular; bracts sessile. |
2(–4)-flowered cymes, sometimes solitary flowers, (flowers initially nodding), 4–30(–35) cm, sparsely to ± densely reddish brown-villous; bracts sessile. |
Flowers | sepals erect to ascending, (sometimes purplish), triangular-ovate, margins ± glandular-ciliate, surfaces white to purple-tipped stipitate-glandular; petals white to cream, proximally to distally yellow-, orange-, and red-spotted, elliptic to ovate, 4–7 mm, much longer than sepals; ovary superior. |
sepals ascending to spreading, reflexed in fruit, (sometimes purplish), triangular, margins reddish brown-ciliate, surfaces glabrous (rarely reddish brown-hairy); petals yellow, often drying cream, often proximally orange-spotted, elliptic to oblong or obovate, 6–18 mm, 2+ times longer than sepals; ovary superior. |
2n | = 26. |
= 16, 24, 32. |
Saxifraga tricuspidata |
Saxifraga hirculus |
|
Phenology | Flowering late spring–summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Open sandy, gravelly, or rocky sites, forest openings, grassy slopes, rocky ridges, stony tundra | Wet, usually mossy, arctic or alpine tundra, wet alpine meadows |
Elevation | 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) | 0-4000 m (0-13100 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; MI; AB; BC; LB; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
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AK; CO; MT; NM; UT; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; YT; Greenland; Eurasia; Atlantic Islands (Iceland, Spitsbergen)
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Discussion | The rare, entire-leaved form of Saxifraga tricuspidata can be confused with S. bronchialis; it has glandular-ciliate margins instead of stiffly hooked-ciliate ones. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
On the basis of a morphologic and cytologic study, O. Hedberg (1992) recognized four subspecies in Saxifraga hirculus: subsp. propinqua (2n = 16, 24), nearctic (Labrador and northwestern Greenland to Alaska); subsp. coloradoensis (2n = 16), Colorado; subsp. hirculus (2n = 32), circumboreal (Ontario to Alaska in North America); and subsp. compacta (2n = 32), mostly Arctic Eurasia, Atlantic Islands (Iceland, Spitsbergen), eastern Greenland, and Alaska. Nonetheless, we are not recognizing subspecies (see also P. K. Holmgren and N. H. Holmgren 1997); further research is needed to determine their validity. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 142. | FNA vol. 8, p. 138. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Hirculus prorepens, Leptasea hirculus, S. hirculus subsp. coloradensis, S. hirculus subsp. compacta, S. hirculus subsp. propinqua, S. hirculus var. propinqua | |
Name authority | Rotbøll: Skr. Kiøbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 446. 1770 (as 3cuspidata) , | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 402. 1753 , |
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