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prickly saxifrage, saxifrage à trois dents, three-tooth saxifrage

saxifrage oeil-de-bouc, yellow marsh saxifrage

Habit Plants loosely mat-forming, (stems trailing), not stoloniferous, with elongate caudex or rhizomatous. Plants loosely tufted, not stoloniferous or sometimes shortly so, rhizomatous, caudex present or not.
Leaves

cauline, (marcescent, crowded proximally);

petiole absent;

blade (often reddish), linear to cuneate, 1–3-lobed or -toothed apically (distal cauline unlobed), rarely all unlobed, (lobes long spinose-mucronate), 5–20 mm, leathery, margins entire, softly glandular-ciliate, (nonsecreting hydathodes present adaxially), apex acute, long spinose-mucronate, surfaces glabrous.

basal and cauline, (distal clasping);

petiole absent on distal leaves, otherwise ± flattened, 3–20(–35) mm;

blade linear or linear-oblanceolate to spatulate, unlobed, (5–)10–30 mm, thin to slightly fleshy, margins entire, eciliate or sparsely reddish brown-ciliate, (with apical nonsecreting hydathode), apex acuminate or acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely reddish brown-villous.

Inflorescences

3–10-flowered cymes, 4–10(–24) cm, white to sparsely pink- to purple-tipped stipitate-glandular;

bracts sessile.

2(–4)-flowered cymes, sometimes solitary flowers, (flowers initially nodding), 4–30(–35) cm, sparsely to ± densely reddish brown-villous;

bracts sessile.

Flowers

sepals erect to ascending, (sometimes purplish), triangular-ovate, margins ± glandular-ciliate, surfaces white to purple-tipped stipitate-glandular;

petals white to cream, proximally to distally yellow-, orange-, and red-spotted, elliptic to ovate, 4–7 mm, much longer than sepals;

ovary superior.

sepals ascending to spreading, reflexed in fruit, (sometimes purplish), triangular, margins reddish brown-ciliate, surfaces glabrous (rarely reddish brown-hairy);

petals yellow, often drying cream, often proximally orange-spotted, elliptic to oblong or obovate, 6–18 mm, 2+ times longer than sepals;

ovary superior.

2n

= 26.

= 16, 24, 32.

Saxifraga tricuspidata

Saxifraga hirculus

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer. Flowering summer.
Habitat Open sandy, gravelly, or rocky sites, forest openings, grassy slopes, rocky ridges, stony tundra Wet, usually mossy, arctic or alpine tundra, wet alpine meadows
Elevation 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) 0-4000 m (0-13100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; MI; AB; BC; LB; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CO; MT; NM; UT; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; YT; Greenland; Eurasia; Atlantic Islands (Iceland, Spitsbergen)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The rare, entire-leaved form of Saxifraga tricuspidata can be confused with S. bronchialis; it has glandular-ciliate margins instead of stiffly hooked-ciliate ones.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

On the basis of a morphologic and cytologic study, O. Hedberg (1992) recognized four subspecies in Saxifraga hirculus: subsp. propinqua (2n = 16, 24), nearctic (Labrador and northwestern Greenland to Alaska); subsp. coloradoensis (2n = 16), Colorado; subsp. hirculus (2n = 32), circumboreal (Ontario to Alaska in North America); and subsp. compacta (2n = 32), mostly Arctic Eurasia, Atlantic Islands (Iceland, Spitsbergen), eastern Greenland, and Alaska. Nonetheless, we are not recognizing subspecies (see also P. K. Holmgren and N. H. Holmgren 1997); further research is needed to determine their validity.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 142. FNA vol. 8, p. 138.
Parent taxa Saxifragaceae > Saxifraga Saxifragaceae > Saxifraga
Sibling taxa
S. adscendens, S. aizoides, S. aleutica, S. bracteata, S. bronchialis, S. cernua, S. cespitosa, S. cherlerioides, S. chrysantha, S. debilis, S. eschscholtzii, S. flagellaris, S. hirculus, S. hyperborea, S. mertensiana, S. nathorstii, S. oppositifolia, S. paniculata, S. radiata, S. rivularis, S. serpyllifolia, S. taylorii, S. tridactylites, S. vespertina
S. adscendens, S. aizoides, S. aleutica, S. bracteata, S. bronchialis, S. cernua, S. cespitosa, S. cherlerioides, S. chrysantha, S. debilis, S. eschscholtzii, S. flagellaris, S. hyperborea, S. mertensiana, S. nathorstii, S. oppositifolia, S. paniculata, S. radiata, S. rivularis, S. serpyllifolia, S. taylorii, S. tricuspidata, S. tridactylites, S. vespertina
Synonyms Hirculus prorepens, Leptasea hirculus, S. hirculus subsp. coloradensis, S. hirculus subsp. compacta, S. hirculus subsp. propinqua, S. hirculus var. propinqua
Name authority Rotbøll: Skr. Kiøbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 446. 1770 (as 3cuspidata) , Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 402. 1753 ,
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