Saxifraga mertensiana |
Saxifraga hirculus |
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Merten's or wood or woodland saxifrage, Mertens' saxifrage, wood saxifrage, woodland saxifrage |
saxifrage oeil-de-bouc, yellow marsh saxifrage |
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Habit | Plants solitary or in clumps, not stoloniferous, with caudex or short-rhizomatous. | Plants loosely tufted, not stoloniferous or sometimes shortly so, rhizomatous, caudex present or not. |
Leaves | basal and cauline, (basal persistent, cauline ± inconspicuous); petiole rounded, 2–20 mm; blade round to reniform, irregularly shallowly lobed, 20–80(–100) mm, thin, margins serrate, stipitate glandular-ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces sparsely hairy. |
basal and cauline, (distal clasping); petiole absent on distal leaves, otherwise ± flattened, 3–20(–35) mm; blade linear or linear-oblanceolate to spatulate, unlobed, (5–)10–30 mm, thin to slightly fleshy, margins entire, eciliate or sparsely reddish brown-ciliate, (with apical nonsecreting hydathode), apex acuminate or acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely reddish brown-villous. |
Inflorescences | 30+-flowered, open, much-branched thyrses, usually some or all flowers replaced by bulbils (sometimes bulbils absent), 15–40 cm, dark purple-tipped stipitate-glandular; bracts (± inconspicuous), petiolate or sessile. |
2(–4)-flowered cymes, sometimes solitary flowers, (flowers initially nodding), 4–30(–35) cm, sparsely to ± densely reddish brown-villous; bracts sessile. |
Flowers | sepals reflexed (at least in fruit), ovate to elliptic, margins eciliate, surfaces sparsely stipitate-glandular or glabrous; petals white, not spotted, narrowly ovate to elliptic, (3–)4–6 mm, longer than sepals; filaments strongly club-shaped; ovary superior. |
sepals ascending to spreading, reflexed in fruit, (sometimes purplish), triangular, margins reddish brown-ciliate, surfaces glabrous (rarely reddish brown-hairy); petals yellow, often drying cream, often proximally orange-spotted, elliptic to oblong or obovate, 6–18 mm, 2+ times longer than sepals; ovary superior. |
2n | = 36, ca. 48, 50. |
= 16, 24, 32. |
Saxifraga mertensiana |
Saxifraga hirculus |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Moist to wet stream banks, mossy cliffs and slopes, waterfall spray zones | Wet, usually mossy, arctic or alpine tundra, wet alpine meadows |
Elevation | 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft) | 0-4000 m (0-13100 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
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AK; CO; MT; NM; UT; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; YT; Greenland; Eurasia; Atlantic Islands (Iceland, Spitsbergen)
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Discussion | Plants of Saxifraga mertensiana bear bulbils in the axils of basal leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
On the basis of a morphologic and cytologic study, O. Hedberg (1992) recognized four subspecies in Saxifraga hirculus: subsp. propinqua (2n = 16, 24), nearctic (Labrador and northwestern Greenland to Alaska); subsp. coloradoensis (2n = 16), Colorado; subsp. hirculus (2n = 32), circumboreal (Ontario to Alaska in North America); and subsp. compacta (2n = 32), mostly Arctic Eurasia, Atlantic Islands (Iceland, Spitsbergen), eastern Greenland, and Alaska. Nonetheless, we are not recognizing subspecies (see also P. K. Holmgren and N. H. Holmgren 1997); further research is needed to determine their validity. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 146. | FNA vol. 8, p. 138. |
Parent taxa | Saxifragaceae > Saxifraga | Saxifragaceae > Saxifraga |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. mertensiana var. eastwoodiae | Hirculus prorepens, Leptasea hirculus, S. hirculus subsp. coloradensis, S. hirculus subsp. compacta, S. hirculus subsp. propinqua, S. hirculus var. propinqua |
Name authority | Bongard: Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 141. 1832 , | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 402. 1753 , |
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