Sarracenia rubra |
Sarracenia purpurea |
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red pitcherplant, sweet or red pitcher plant, sweet pitcherplant |
common pitcher-plant, frog's-britches, huntsman's-horns, northern pitcher plant, purple pitcher plant, purple sarracenia, sanicle, sarracénie pourpre, side-saddle flower |
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Habit | Plants forming dense clumps; rhizomes 0.5–1.5 cm diam. | Plants forming dense clumps; rhizomes 0.3–1.5 cm diam. | ||||||||
Pitchers | persistent, dying back if frozen, appearing with flowers and continuously all summer, erect, green to flushed red or solid maroon, often red- or purple-veined distally, major veins and crossveins of internal and external surfaces dark maroon-red, without white areolae, (short-petiolate, proximal solid petiolar portion to 1/4 length of pitcher, tapering gradually from base to orifice or sometimes scarcely bulging abaxially in distal portion), (6–)10–52(–57) cm, firm, waxy, external surface glabrous or puberulent, wings 0.5–2 cm; orifice oval, 0.5–3.5 cm diam., rim green to red or maroon, tightly revolute, with no or distinct indentation distal to wing, sometimes forming spout; recurved adaxially, held beyond and covering orifice, sometimes held close to orifice, green to maroon, faintly red- or maroon-veined, or conspicuously and densely reticulate-veined, all veins of abaxial and adaxial surfaces of hood and neck red to maroon throughout proximal and distal portions, without white areolae, ovate, flat to slightly undulate, 0.7–4.5 × 0.7–4 cm, longer than wide, base attenuate to cordate, scarcely constricted, neck 0.5 cm, margins entire or slightly undulate (proximal margins scarcely reflexed), apiculum 1–3 mm, adaxial surface with hairs to 0.5 mm. |
persistent, appearing with or after flowers and continuously all summer, decumbent or sprawling to ascending, nearly green with various degrees of red or purple veins, or suffused reddish or purplish to nearly uniformly purplish red, without white areolae, urceolate (gently S-curved like a hunter’s horn), 5–25(–45) cm (bulging distal of middle, 3–6 cm at widest point), firm, sometimes shiny or waxy, external surface glabrous or glabrate to densely pubescent, wings 1–3(–4) cm diam.; orifice round to oval, (gaping, with rainwater held in pitcher), 1.4–3.6 cm wide, rim green to purplish red, (thick, flaring), loosely revolute, scarcely or not indented distal to wing, (0.7–3.1 mm wide at thickest point); hood erect or with lobes arched together over orifice, same colors and veined as pitcher, reniform, undulate or entire, 2–5 × 3–7 cm, wider than long, basal lobes cordate, attached to sides of rim of orifice with no neck, distal portion somewhat abaxially recurved and notched apically, apex not apiculate, adaxial surface with decurved setae 0.6–1.8(–3) mm. |
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Phyllodia | absent. |
absent. |
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Scapes | 1–2, from 1 bud, 12–75 cm, usually 1.5–2(–3) times height of tallest pitchers; bracts 0.4–1 cm. |
22–79 cm, much longer than pitchers; bracts 0.5–0.8 cm. |
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Flowers | strongly fragrant; sepals maroon, 1.5–2.7 × 2–2.6 cm, (margins strongly reflexed abaxially after anthesis); petals maroon to red, distal portion obovate, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2.5 cm, margins erose; style disc greenish, 2–3.5 cm diam. |
moderately fragrant to mixed fragrant and ill-scented; sepals purplish red, 2.2–4.2 × 1.5–3.5 cm; petals red to maroon, distal portion elliptic to obovate, 3.3–5.3 × 1.5–3 cm, margins entire; style disc green, 4–5 cm diam., (style arms 1.7–3.8 cm). |
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Capsules | 0.5–1.5 cm diam. |
1–2 cm diam. |
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Seeds | 1.2–1.5 mm. |
1.7–2 mm. |
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2n | = 26. |
= 26. |
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Sarracenia rubra |
Sarracenia purpurea |
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Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC
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AK; CA; CT; DE; GA; IA; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe, Asia]
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). S. McDaniel (1971) stated that his broad concept of Sarracenia rubra included four intergrading regional variants. F. W. Case and R. B. Case (1976) treated the S. rubra complex as comprising four taxa: S. alabamensis subsp. alabamensis, S. alabamensis subsp. wherryi, S. jonesii, and S. rubra. D. E. Schnell (1977) distinguished the same taxa, all as subspecies, and later described an additional one, subsp. gulfensis, which differs quantitatively from typical S. rubra. See discussion under S. alabamensis. The relative proportion of the proximal tube interior (petiole region) that is solid helps distinguish Sarracenia rubra from S. jonesii. Some specimens of subsp. rubra from the fall line of South Carolina can be large and robust like S. jonesii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Sarracenia purpurea is probably the most recognized of the pitcher plants. It has rapidly and effectively populated peat bogs in the northern regions during the 10,000–12,000 years since glaciation. It is the only pitcher plant that grows naturally north of southeastern Virginia; in North America, it has become naturalized at least in northern California and the Pacific Northwest. While it may be the stereotypical pitcher plant to the general public, it is atypical of Sarracenia species in that it, along with S. rosea, holds rainwater. Within Sarracenia purpurea, there is much overlap of character states among the infraspecific taxa, and there are always exceptions and problematic specimens, especially where they may hybridize with other species in the Carolinas. See D. E. Schnell (1979, 1981) for further discussion of variants. C. R. Bell (1949), S. McDaniel (1971), and A. M. Ellison et al. (2004) did not accept the subspecies designations presented by E. T. Wherry (1933, 1972); we believe that there are sufficient morphological distinctions that are substantiated by observations made in uniform garden culture (Case, pers. obs.; Schnell 1979) to recognize subspecies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 361. | FNA vol. 8, p. 359. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Sarraceniaceae > Sarracenia | Sarraceniaceae > Sarracenia | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Walter: Fl. Carol., 152. 1788 , | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 510. 1753, name conserved, | ||||||||
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