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red pitcherplant, sweet or red pitcher plant, sweet pitcherplant

dumbwatches, fly-catchers, fly-traps, trumpets, yellow pitcher plant, yellow trumpet

Habit Plants forming dense clumps; rhizomes 0.5–1.5 cm diam. Plants forming dense clumps; rhizomes 1–2.5 cm diam.
Pitchers

persistent, dying back if frozen, appearing with flowers and continuously all summer, erect, green to flushed red or solid maroon, often red- or purple-veined distally, major veins and crossveins of internal and external surfaces dark maroon-red, without white areolae, (short-petiolate, proximal solid petiolar portion to 1/4 length of pitcher, tapering gradually from base to orifice or sometimes scarcely bulging abaxially in distal portion), (6–)10–52(–57) cm, firm, waxy, external surface glabrous or puberulent, wings 0.5–2 cm;

orifice oval, 0.5–3.5 cm diam., rim green to red or maroon, tightly revolute, with no or distinct indentation distal to wing, sometimes forming spout; recurved adaxially, held beyond and covering orifice, sometimes held close to orifice, green to maroon, faintly red- or maroon-veined, or conspicuously and densely reticulate-veined, all veins of abaxial and adaxial surfaces of hood and neck red to maroon throughout proximal and distal portions, without white areolae, ovate, flat to slightly undulate, 0.7–4.5 × 0.7–4 cm, longer than wide, base attenuate to cordate, scarcely constricted, neck 0.5 cm, margins entire or slightly undulate (proximal margins scarcely reflexed), apiculum 1–3 mm, adaxial surface with hairs to 0.5 mm.

marcescent, appearing after the first flowers, producing 1 flush of pitchers in spring through early summer, erect, yellowish green throughout, often with dark red blotches on neck, dark red veins on distal portions of tube and hood, or whole tube heavily suffused bronze or purplish red, without white areolae, 25–90(–100) cm, thick, firm, surfaces glabrous, wings 0.5–1(–2) cm wide;

orifice broadly ovate, 2–7(–8) cm diam., rim green, flaring and loosely revolute, often with prominent, everted indentation immediately distal to wing forming spout over wing;

hood recurved adaxially, held well beyond and covering orifice, yellow-green, red-veined or suffused with bronze-red, without white areolae, orbiculate-reniform, not undulate, 3–10 × (3–)5–14 cm, ± as long as wide, proximal margins broadly cordate, opposite lobes reflexed abaxially, touching or nearly touching, neck (often red-blotched or red-veined), constricted, 1–3 cm, margins revolute, apiculum (2–)3–12(–18) mm, adaxial surface glabrous.

Phyllodia

absent.

2–4(–5), erect, oblanciform, (8–)12–30 × 1–3 cm.

Scapes

1–2, from 1 bud, 12–75 cm, usually 1.5–2(–3) times height of tallest pitchers;

bracts 0.4–1 cm.

15–60 cm, shorter than pitchers;

bracts 1–2 cm.

Flowers

strongly fragrant;

sepals maroon, 1.5–2.7 × 2–2.6 cm, (margins strongly reflexed abaxially after anthesis);

petals maroon to red, distal portion obovate, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2.5 cm, margins erose;

style disc greenish, 2–3.5 cm diam.

strongly ill-scented;

sepals yellowish green, 3–5 × 2–3.5 cm;

petals yellow, distal portion ovate to narrowly elliptic, 5–8.5 × 3–4 cm, margins entire;

style disc yellow-green, 6–8 cm diam.

Capsules

0.5–1.5 cm diam.

1.4–2 cm diam.

Seeds

1.2–1.5 mm.

1.8–2.5 mm.

2n

= 26.

= 26.

Sarracenia rubra

Sarracenia flava

Phenology Flowering Mar–Apr.
Habitat Wet pine savannas and flatwoods, peat-based Carolina bays, pond-cypress swamps, bogs, pineland seepage slopes, streamhead ecotones, baygalls, titi thickets
Elevation 0-300 m (0-1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC; VA; WA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

S. McDaniel (1971) stated that his broad concept of Sarracenia rubra included four intergrading regional variants. F. W. Case and R. B. Case (1976) treated the S. rubra complex as comprising four taxa: S. alabamensis subsp. alabamensis, S. alabamensis subsp. wherryi, S. jonesii, and S. rubra. D. E. Schnell (1977) distinguished the same taxa, all as subspecies, and later described an additional one, subsp. gulfensis, which differs quantitatively from typical S. rubra. See discussion under S. alabamensis.

The relative proportion of the proximal tube interior (petiole region) that is solid helps distinguish Sarracenia rubra from S. jonesii. Some specimens of subsp. rubra from the fall line of South Carolina can be large and robust like S. jonesii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Sarracenia flava ranges from the southeastern coastal plain of Virginia and isolated piedmont localities in North Carolina through the coastal plain of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and the western Florida panhandle mostly near and west of the Ochlockonee River and west just into southeastern Alabama, with isolated sites in northeastern Florida. It is naturalized in Skagit County, Washington.

Sarracenia flava is a striking plant, often forming large stands, at least historically. It is much less common with the advent of drainage and changing land use. It has one main flush of pitchers in spring to early summer. It is quite variable over its range with regard to vein patterns and markings on the pitchers, and at least seven varieties have been formally named (see D. E. Schnell 2002).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pitchers (6-)12-30(-50) cm, gradually tapering from base to orifice; orifices 0.5-2.5 cm diam.; hood length-to-width ratio 1-4.3; scapes 12-66 cm; sc Georgia, e North Carolina, e South Carolina.
subsp. rubra
1. Pitchers (20-)25-52(-57) cm, gradually tapering from base to orifice with slight distal bulge; orifices 2.4-3.5 cm diam.; hood length-to-width ratio 0.8-1.5; scapes 26-75 cm; w Florida panhandle and adjacent Alabama and sw Georgia.
subsp. gulfensis
Source FNA vol. 8, p. 361. FNA vol. 8, p. 355.
Parent taxa Sarraceniaceae > Sarracenia Sarraceniaceae > Sarracenia
Sibling taxa
S. alabamensis, S. alata, S. flava, S. jonesii, S. leucophylla, S. minor, S. oreophila, S. psittacina, S. purpurea, S. rosea
S. alabamensis, S. alata, S. jonesii, S. leucophylla, S. minor, S. oreophila, S. psittacina, S. purpurea, S. rosea, S. rubra
Subordinate taxa
S. rubra subsp. gulfensis, S. rubra subsp. rubra
Name authority Walter: Fl. Carol., 152. 1788 , Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 510. 1753 ,
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