Sarracenia rubra |
Sarracenia alata |
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red pitcherplant, sweet or red pitcher plant, sweet pitcherplant |
pale or wing pitcher plant, pale pitcherplant, pitcherplant, wing pitcherplant, yellow trumpets |
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Habit | Plants forming dense clumps; rhizomes 0.5–1.5 cm diam. | Plants forming dense clumps; rhizomes 0.8–1.5 cm diam. | ||||
Pitchers | persistent, dying back if frozen, appearing with flowers and continuously all summer, erect, green to flushed red or solid maroon, often red- or purple-veined distally, major veins and crossveins of internal and external surfaces dark maroon-red, without white areolae, (short-petiolate, proximal solid petiolar portion to 1/4 length of pitcher, tapering gradually from base to orifice or sometimes scarcely bulging abaxially in distal portion), (6–)10–52(–57) cm, firm, waxy, external surface glabrous or puberulent, wings 0.5–2 cm; orifice oval, 0.5–3.5 cm diam., rim green to red or maroon, tightly revolute, with no or distinct indentation distal to wing, sometimes forming spout; recurved adaxially, held beyond and covering orifice, sometimes held close to orifice, green to maroon, faintly red- or maroon-veined, or conspicuously and densely reticulate-veined, all veins of abaxial and adaxial surfaces of hood and neck red to maroon throughout proximal and distal portions, without white areolae, ovate, flat to slightly undulate, 0.7–4.5 × 0.7–4 cm, longer than wide, base attenuate to cordate, scarcely constricted, neck 0.5 cm, margins entire or slightly undulate (proximal margins scarcely reflexed), apiculum 1–3 mm, adaxial surface with hairs to 0.5 mm. |
marcescent, appearing shortly after first flowers, spring flush of pitchers followed by delayed flush of similarly shaped, more robust pitchers in late summer, erect; distal portion of tube typically yellow-green, sometimes purple-lined, purple reticulate-veined, or strongly purple, without white areolae, 15–75 cm, firm, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent, wings 1–2 cm wide; orifice oval, 2–5 cm diam., rim green, tightly revolute, not or scarcely indented distal to wing; hood recurved adaxially, held well beyond and covering orifice, proximal margins not reflexed, usually yellow-green, sometimes purple-lined, purple reticulate-veined, or strongly purple, without white areolae, ovate, not undulate, 3.5–6 × 4–6 cm, usually wider than long, base cordate, necks not constricted, 0.5–1 cm, apiculum 1–3 mm, adaxial surface glabrate or with hairs to 0.5 mm. |
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Phyllodia | absent. |
usually absent, rarely 1–2, erect, oblanciform, to 40 × 1–2 cm. |
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Scapes | 1–2, from 1 bud, 12–75 cm, usually 1.5–2(–3) times height of tallest pitchers; bracts 0.4–1 cm. |
15–60 cm, shorter than pitchers; bracts 1–1.5 cm. |
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Flowers | strongly fragrant; sepals maroon, 1.5–2.7 × 2–2.6 cm, (margins strongly reflexed abaxially after anthesis); petals maroon to red, distal portion obovate, 2.5–4 × 1.3–2.5 cm, margins erose; style disc greenish, 2–3.5 cm diam. |
moderately ill-scented; sepals yellowish green, rarely suffused with purple, 3–6 × 2.5–4 cm; petals pale to deep yellow, distal portion ovate-orbiculate, 5–7 × 2.2–4 cm, margins entire; style disc green, 5–8 cm diam. |
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Capsules | 0.5–1.5 cm diam. |
1.2–1.8 cm diam. |
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Seeds | 1.2–1.5 mm. |
1.9–2.3 mm. |
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2n | = 26. |
= 26. |
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Sarracenia rubra |
Sarracenia alata |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Apr. | |||||
Habitat | Wet pine savannas and flatwoods, bogs, pineland seepage slopes, sometimes in mineral soils low in organic matter | |||||
Elevation | 0-50 m (0-200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC
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AL; LA; MS; TX
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). S. McDaniel (1971) stated that his broad concept of Sarracenia rubra included four intergrading regional variants. F. W. Case and R. B. Case (1976) treated the S. rubra complex as comprising four taxa: S. alabamensis subsp. alabamensis, S. alabamensis subsp. wherryi, S. jonesii, and S. rubra. D. E. Schnell (1977) distinguished the same taxa, all as subspecies, and later described an additional one, subsp. gulfensis, which differs quantitatively from typical S. rubra. See discussion under S. alabamensis. The relative proportion of the proximal tube interior (petiole region) that is solid helps distinguish Sarracenia rubra from S. jonesii. Some specimens of subsp. rubra from the fall line of South Carolina can be large and robust like S. jonesii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Sarracenia alata occurs from Baldwin, Mobile, and Washington counties, Alabama, across southern Mississippi and Louisiana, to Robertson County, Texas. Its pitchers are consistent in shape but extremely variable in color. The late summer pitchers are the largest of the year. It produces flowers similar in shape to, but larger than, those of members of the S. rubra complex. In Texas, it grows in wetlands that do not have longleaf pine, in regions dominated by xeric species of oak. There, it grows in bogs, seeps, and meadows, where ground-water seepage, not rainfall, keeps the plants wet. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 361. | FNA vol. 8, p. 355. | ||||
Parent taxa | Sarraceniaceae > Sarracenia | Sarraceniaceae > Sarracenia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | S. gronovii var. alata, S. sledgei | |||||
Name authority | Walter: Fl. Carol., 152. 1788 , | (Alph. Wood) Alph. Wood: Leaves Flowers, 159. 1863 , | ||||
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