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bouncing-bet, bouncing-bet soapwort, bouncing-bett, common soapwort, saponaire officinale, soapwort, sweet william

saponaire, soapwort

Habit Plants perennial, colonial. Herbs, [annual, biennial, or] perennial.
Rhizomes

stout or slender.

Stems

erect, simple or branched distally, 30–90 cm.

erect to spreading, simple or branched, terete.

Leaves

petiole often absent or winged, 0.1–1.5 cm;

blade strongly 3(–5)-veined, elliptic to oblanceolate or ovate, 3–11(–15) × 1.5–4.5 cm.

connate proximally, petiolate or sessile;

blade 3(–5)-veined, spatulate to elliptic or ovate, apex acute or rounded.

Inflorescences

terminal, dense to open, lax cymes;

bracts paired, foliaceous;

involucel bracteoles absent.

Pedicels

1–5 mm.

erect.

Flowers

sometimes double;

calyx green or reddish, often cleft, 15–25 mm, glabrous or rarely with scattered trichomes;

petals pink to white, often drying to dull purple, blade 8–15 mm.

sepals connate proximally into tube, greenish, reddish, or purple, 7–25 mm, tube 15–25-veined, oblong-cylindric, terete, commissures between sepals absent;

lobes green, reddish, or purple, 3–5-veined, triangular-attenuate, shorter than tube, margins white, scarious, apex acute or acuminate;

petals 5 (doubled in some cultivars), pink to white, clawed, auricles absent, with 2 coronal scales, blade apex entire or emarginate;

nectaries at filament bases;

stamens 10, adnate with petals to carpophore;

filaments briefly connate proximally;

staminodes absent (present in some cultivars);

ovary 1-locular;

styles 2(–3), filiform, 12–15 mm, glabrous proximally;

stigmas 2(–3), linear along adaxial surface of styles, papillate (30x).

Capsules

ca. 15–20 mm.

cylindric to ovoid, opening by 4(–6) ascending or recurving teeth;

carpophore present.

Seeds

1.6–2 mm wide.

15–75, dark brown, reniform, laterally compressed, papillose, marginal wing absent, appendage absent;

embryo peripheral, curved.

Cymes

dense to open.

x

= 7.

2n

= 28.

Saponaria officinalis

Saponaria

Phenology Flowering spring–fall.
Habitat Waste places, streamsides, fields, roadsides
Elevation 0-2600 m (0-8500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced in Mexico, South America, Asia (India), Africa (Egypt), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Europe; c Asia; w Asia; Africa (Mediterranean region); S officinalis widely naturalized elsewhere [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Saponaria officinalis, long cultivated for its showy flowers, is a widely naturalized, sometimes troublesome weed. It may persist for years about abandoned home sites. “Double”-flowered horticultural forms, which may lack functional stamens, also occur in the wild, where locally they may be as common as, or even more common than, “single”-flowered forms.

In former times, the leaves of this species were gathered and either soaked or boiled in water, the resulting liquid being used for washing as a liquid soap. Because of its saponin content, the species can be poisonous upon ingestion, in much the same manner as Agrostemma githago.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 40 (2 in the flora).

Saponaria pumilio (Linnaeus) Fenzl ex A. Braun [= Silene pumilio (Linnaeus) Wulfen], a species of the Alps and the Carpathians, was collected once from a ledge on Mount Washington, New Hampshire, in 1964; the collector, S. K. Harris (1965), suggested that it may have been an intentional planting. A cespitose plant, it differs from the two species below also in its one-flowered, rather than several-flowered, stems.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems erect, 30-90 cm; calyx 15-25 mm, glabrous or rarely with scattered trichomes; capsules ca. 15-20 mm
S. officinalis
1. Stems trailing, procumbent, or ascending, 5-25 cm; calyx 7-12 mm, glandular-pubescent; capsule 6-8 mm
S. ocymoides
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 157. FNA vol. 5, p. 157. Authors: John W. Thieret, Richard K. Rabeler.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Saponaria Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae
Sibling taxa
S. ocymoides
Subordinate taxa
S. ocymoides, S. officinalis
Synonyms Spanizium
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 408. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 408. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 191. (1754)
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