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rock soapwort, saponaria

saponaire, soapwort

Habit Plants perennial, with over-wintering leafy shoots. Herbs, [annual, biennial, or] perennial.
Rhizomes

stout or slender.

Stems

trailing, procumbent, or ascending, much-branched, 5–25 cm.

erect to spreading, simple or branched, terete.

Leaves

petiole not winged, (0.1–)0.5–1(–3) cm;

blade 1-veined, spatulate to ovate-lanceolate, 0.6–2.5 × 0.3–1.4 cm.

connate proximally, petiolate or sessile;

blade 3(–5)-veined, spatulate to elliptic or ovate, apex acute or rounded.

Inflorescences

terminal, dense to open, lax cymes;

bracts paired, foliaceous;

involucel bracteoles absent.

Pedicels

2–6 mm.

erect.

Flowers

sometimes double;

calyx usually purple, not cleft, 7–12 mm, glandular-pubescent;

petals red or pink to white, blade 8–15 mm.

sepals connate proximally into tube, greenish, reddish, or purple, 7–25 mm, tube 15–25-veined, oblong-cylindric, terete, commissures between sepals absent;

lobes green, reddish, or purple, 3–5-veined, triangular-attenuate, shorter than tube, margins white, scarious, apex acute or acuminate;

petals 5 (doubled in some cultivars), pink to white, clawed, auricles absent, with 2 coronal scales, blade apex entire or emarginate;

nectaries at filament bases;

stamens 10, adnate with petals to carpophore;

filaments briefly connate proximally;

staminodes absent (present in some cultivars);

ovary 1-locular;

styles 2(–3), filiform, 12–15 mm, glabrous proximally;

stigmas 2(–3), linear along adaxial surface of styles, papillate (30x).

Capsules

6–8 mm.

cylindric to ovoid, opening by 4(–6) ascending or recurving teeth;

carpophore present.

Seeds

1.6–2 mm wide.

15–75, dark brown, reniform, laterally compressed, papillose, marginal wing absent, appendage absent;

embryo peripheral, curved.

Cymes

spreading, lax.

x

= 7.

2n

= 28 (Europe).

Saponaria ocymoides

Saponaria

Phenology Flowering summer.
Habitat Waste sites, rocky places, old gardens
Elevation 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CO; IN; MA; MI; NY; OR; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Europe; c Asia; w Asia; Africa (Mediterranean region); S officinalis widely naturalized elsewhere [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Saponaria ocymoides is a long-cultivated rock-garden and wall plant that is only rarely persistent outside of gardens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 40 (2 in the flora).

Saponaria pumilio (Linnaeus) Fenzl ex A. Braun [= Silene pumilio (Linnaeus) Wulfen], a species of the Alps and the Carpathians, was collected once from a ledge on Mount Washington, New Hampshire, in 1964; the collector, S. K. Harris (1965), suggested that it may have been an intentional planting. A cespitose plant, it differs from the two species below also in its one-flowered, rather than several-flowered, stems.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems erect, 30-90 cm; calyx 15-25 mm, glabrous or rarely with scattered trichomes; capsules ca. 15-20 mm
S. officinalis
1. Stems trailing, procumbent, or ascending, 5-25 cm; calyx 7-12 mm, glandular-pubescent; capsule 6-8 mm
S. ocymoides
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 158. FNA vol. 5, p. 157. Authors: John W. Thieret, Richard K. Rabeler.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae > Saponaria Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Caryophylloideae
Sibling taxa
S. officinalis
Subordinate taxa
S. ocymoides, S. officinalis
Synonyms Spanizium
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 409. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 408. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 191. (1754)
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