Salix viminalis |
Salix tweedyi |
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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
Tweedy's willow |
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Habit | Plants 1–3 m. | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
branches red-brown, not glaucous, villous to glabrescent; branchlets yellow-brown, (sometimes strongly glaucous), pilose or moderately densely villous, (buds caprea- or arctica-type, scale inner membranaceous layer free, separating from outer layer). |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules (sometimes marcescent), foliaceous, 3.5–10–23 mm, 1–1.4–2.8 times as long as wide, usually lanceolate, ovate, or suborbiculate, (pleated when pressed), apex rounded, convex, or acute; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 3–11.3–26 mm, villous adaxially; largest medial blade elliptic to broadly elliptic, 36–65–100 × 17–35.5–85 mm, 1.1–1.9–2.9 times as long as wide, base convex, rounded, subcordate, or cordate, margins thickened, serrulate or spinulose-serrulate (sometimes teeth absent, margins with spherical glands), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous or not, pilose or villous, hairs curved, adaxial dull, pilose or villous to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire (glands only) or serrulate; juvenile blade green, glabrous, pilose, or moderately densely villous abaxially, hairs white. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, 0.6–1.2 mm; filaments distinct, glabrous or hairy basally; anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, 0.6–1 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, narrowly oblong, or square, 0.5–1 mm, (unlobed), shorter to longer than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.5 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 18–30 per ovary; styles 1.1–2.8 mm; stigmas slenderly cylindrical, 0.32–0.53–1 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
4–7 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout, 39–56 × 14–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, stout, 39–70(–110 in fruit) × 13–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; floral bract dark brown, 1.8–4 mm, apex acute or rounded, abaxially sparsely hairy, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix viminalis |
Salix tweedyi |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | Flowering Jul. |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Subalpine and alpine, streamsides and bottoms, lakeshores, marshes, spruce bogs, talus slopes, tundra, quartzite, granite, or, sometimes, limestone substrates |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 1400-4000 m (4600-13100 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
ID; MT; WA; WY; BC
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Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 145. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Lanatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. barrattiana var. tweedyi | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | (Bebb ex Rose) C. R. Ball: Bot. Gaz. 40: 377. (1905) |
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