Salix viminalis |
Salix turnorii |
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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
Turnor's willow |
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Habit | Shrubs, 1–2.5 m, (forming clones by layering). | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
branches yellow-brown or yellow-gray, not or weakly glaucous, (with sparkling wax crystals, dull or slightly glossy), pilose or villous; branchlets gray-brown or red-brown, pubescent, villous, or velvety. |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules foliaceous, apex acute or convex; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous or pubescent adaxially; largest medial blade (amphistomatous), narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblanceolate, or lanceolate, 26–47 × 7.5–15 mm, 2.8–4.1 times as long as wide, base convex, rounded, or subcordate, margins slightly revolute or flat, serrate or serrulate, apex acuminate to acute, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, pilose, villous, or long-silky, hairs straight or wavy, adaxial dull, sparsely or moderately densely pilose or long-silky, especially on midrib; proximal blade margins entire or serrulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, sparsely to moderately densely long-silky or pubescent abaxially, hairs white. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or ovate, 0.7–1.1 mm; filaments distinct or connate, hairy basally; anthers yellow, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, flask-shaped, or narrowly ovate, 0.4–1 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 2–4 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beaks slightly bulged below styles; ovules 14–18 per ovary; styles 0.3–0.5 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded or pointed tip, 0.16–0.23–0.28 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
2.5–5 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 16–30 × 8–10 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–4 mm; pistillate loosely flowered, stout, 18–22 × 9–11 mm, flowering branchlet 3–4 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.2–1.6 mm, apex acute or rounded, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix viminalis |
Salix turnorii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | No flowering time data are available (probably May or Jun). |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Active sand dunes |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 200-300 m (700-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
SK |
Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Salix turnorii is known from the Lake Athabasca sand dunes in northwestern Saskatchewan. Salix famelica in the Great Sand Hills, southern Saskatchewan, is very similar morphologically and may have been the source of populations ancestral to S. turnorii that moved into northern Saskatchewan during the warm Holocene Hypsithermal Period (ca. 9000–6000 yrs. B.P.). Hybrids: Salix turnorii forms natural hybrids with S. brachycarpa var. psammophila. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 122. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Cordatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. lutea var. turnorii | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | Raup: J. Arnold Arbor. 17: 234, plate 193. (1936) |
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