Salix viminalis |
Salix sphenophylla |
|
---|---|---|
basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
wedge-leaf willow |
|
Habit | Plants 0.03–0.12 m, not clonal or forming clones by layering. | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
trailing and rooting; branches yellow-brown or brownish, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown, glabrous. |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules absent or rudimentary; petiole 4–25 mm, (glabrous or pilose adaxially); largest medial blade hypostomatous, narrowly elliptic, broadly elliptic, obovate, or very broadly obovate, 19–52 × 10–28 mm, 1–3 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins flat or slightly revolute, entire, apex convex, retuse, or rounded, abaxial surface glabrous, pilose or sparsely long-silky to glabrescent, hairs straight or wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous or pilose; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade (reddish), very sparsely long-silky abaxially. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary oblong, 0.6–1 mm; filaments distinct; anthers ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong or ovate, 0.7–1.6 mm, equal to or longer than stipe; stipe 0.5–1.4 mm; ovary obclavate or pyriform, glabrous, or patchy or streaky pilose or villous, especially on beak, beak gradually tapering to or slightly bulged below styles; ovules 10–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with pointed tip, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.32–0.5–0.68 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
4–12 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
staminate 21–53 × 7–13 mm, flowering branchlet 8–20 mm; pistillate loosely to densely flowered, slender or stout, 32–79 × 7–18 mm, flowering branchlet 4–27 mm; floral bract brown or black, 1.1–2 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially hairy or ciliate, hairs straight. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38, 57. |
Salix viminalis |
Salix sphenophylla |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | Flowering mid Jun-late Jul (early Aug). |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Stony or gravelly substrates on talus, rocky outcrops, dry, stony tundra, sandy and moss tundra |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 10-900 m (0-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
AK; NT; YT; e Asia (Chukotka, Russian Far East, e Siberia) |
Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The patchy or streaky indumentum on the ovaries of some plants suggests that they may be hybrids. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 82. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Diplodictyae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. sphenophylla subsp. pseudotorulosa | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | A. K. Skvortsov: Spisok Rast. Gerb. Fl. S.S.S.R. Bot. Inst. Vsesoyuzn. Akad. Nauk 16: 62. (1966) |
Web links |