Salix viminalis |
Salix sessilifolia |
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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
northern sandbar willow, northwest sandbar willow, sessile-leaf sandbar willow, sessile-leaf willow, soft-leaf willow |
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Habit | Shrubs, 3–5 m. | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
branches gray-brown or red-brown, hairy or glabrous; branchlets red-brown, densely villous. |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, rudimentary or foliaceous on late ones (apex acute); petiole 1–6 mm, long-silky adaxially; largest medial blade (sometimes hypostomatous, glands submarginal), linear, lorate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly oblanceolate, 40–120 × 7.5–16 mm, 3–8.5 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins flat, remotely spinulose-serrulate, apex acuminate, acute, or caudate, abaxial surface not glaucous, densely to sparsely long- or short-silky or villous, hairs appressed or spreading, straight or wavy, adaxial dull, sparsely long-silky or villous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely long-silky or villous abaxially. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
abaxial nectary 0.4–1 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.5–1.1 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, square, ovate, or flask-shaped, 0.6–1 mm, longer than stipe; stipe 0.2–0.7 mm; ovary pyriform, villous or long-silky, beak abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 24–36 per ovary; styles 0.1–0.7 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with pointed tip, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.4–1 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
4–5.5 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
staminate 38–45 × 6–7 mm, flowering branchlet 25–45 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender, 40–73 × 6–7 mm, flowering branchlet 20–32 mm; floral bract (sometimes brown), 2.4–3.2 mm, apex acute or rounded, entire or irregularly toothed, abaxially hairy, hairs wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix viminalis |
Salix sessilifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | Flowering late Apr-late May. |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Riparian, streamshores, floodplains, sandy or gravelly substrates |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hybrids: Salix sessilifolia forms natural hybrids with S. columbiana and S. melanopsis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 59. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Longifoliae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. exigua var. sessilifolia, S. fluviatilis var. sessilifolia, S. longifolia var. sessilifolia, S. macrostachya, S. macrostachya var. cusickii, S. sessilifolia var. villosa | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | Nuttall: N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 68. (1842) |
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