Salix viminalis |
Salix raupii |
|
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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
Raup willow, Raup's willow |
|
Habit | Plants 1.2–1.8 m, not clonal. | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
erect; branches gray-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown, glabrous. |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules foliaceous; petiole 5–9 mm; largest medial blade narrowly elliptic, 32–58 × 12–19 mm, 2–3.3 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins slightly revolute, entire, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins shallowly serrulate; juvenile blade glabrous. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
abaxial nectary 0.3–0.8 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, 0.6–1 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments distinct, glabrous; anthers ellipsoid, shortly cylindrical, or globose, 0.4–0.7 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.5–1.1 mm, equal to or longer than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, usually glabrous, rarely puberulent, beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 12 per ovary; styles 0.6–0.8 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially not papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
4.4–8 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
staminate 17.5–42 × 5–13 mm, flowering branchlet 6–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, stout, 20–40 × 6–12 mm, flowering branchlet 4–7 mm; floral bract tawny or bicolor, 1.3–2.5 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially glabrous. |
2n | = 38. |
|
Salix viminalis |
Salix raupii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | Flowering late Jun. |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Thickets in moist, open forests, gravel floodplains |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 800-1500 m (2600-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
AB; BC; NT; YT |
Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Salix raupii resembles glabrous S. glauca var. villosa. Thin-layer chromatography of leaf phenolics in S. raupii revealed a pattern similar to those of S. glauca vars. villosa and acutifolia and S. athabascensis (G. W. Argus, unpubl.). Based on overall similarity, its nearest neighbors are S. glauca, in a broad sense, and S. athabascensis (Argus 1997). The sectional placement of this species is uncertain. It is placed here in sect. Myrtilloides because it clusters with S. athabascensis, but it is evidently close to S. glauca and may be a species of intersectional hybrid origin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 85. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Myrtilloides |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | Argus: Canad. J. Bot. 52: 1303, plate 1. (1974) |
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