Salix viminalis |
Salix purpurea |
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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
basket willow, purple osier, purple osier willow, purple willow |
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Habit | Plants sometimes forming clones by stem fragmentation. | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
branches (sometimes ± brittle at base), yellow-brown or olive-brown, not or weakly glaucous, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown or olive-brown, violet tinged, glabrous. |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
(sometimes opposite or subopposite); stipules absent; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–7 mm, glabrous adaxially; largest medial blade lorate, narrowly oblong, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate, 35–77 × 5–20 mm, base convex or rounded, margins strongly revolute, entire or serrulate, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial dull to sublustrous, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green or reddish, glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, square, or ovate, 0.4–0.8 mm; filaments connate; anthers (distinct), purple turning yellow, ellipsoid or globose, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary ovate, 0.3–0.7 mm; ovary obturbinate, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 6 per ovary; styles 0.2–0.3 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
2.5–5 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
flowering before leaves emerge, (subopposite, recurved); staminate stout or subglobose, 25–33 × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 0 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender or stout, 13.5–34.5(–35 in fruit) × 3–7 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–3 mm; floral bract black or bicolor, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Salix viminalis |
Salix purpurea |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | Flowering mid Mar-mid May. |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Floodplains and shores, fens, swamps, alder thickets, sandy and limestone beaches, low dunes |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix purpurea occurrence in Ohio is based on information from T. S. Cooperrider (pers. comm.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 162. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Helix |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1017. (1753) |
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