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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier

diamond-leaf willow, tealeaf willow

Habit Shrubs, 0.1–3(–4.5) m.
Stems

branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent;

branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent.

branches yellow-brown or red-brown, not or weakly glaucous, (slightly or highly glossy), villous in patches to glabrescent;

branchlets yellow-green or brownish, glabrous, puberulent, or densely villous, (buds caprea- or arctica-type).

Leaves

stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate;

petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially;

largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray;

proximal blade margins entire;

juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white.

stipules (usually marcescent), foliaceous, (linear or lanceolate, 2–9.8–23 mm), apex acuminate;

petiole convex to flat adaxially, 2.8–10(–15) mm, glabrous or puberulent adaxially;

largest medial blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or obovate, 22–75 × 8–26 mm, 1.7–4.7 times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins flat to slightly revolute, entire, crenate, or serrulate, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous or pubescent, midrib pilose, hairs (white, sometimes also ferruginous), straight, adaxial highly to slightly glossy, midrib glabrous or sparsely pubescent;

proximal blade margins entire;

juvenile blade green, glabrous or pubescent abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous.

Staminate flowers

adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm;

filaments distinct;

anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm.

adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.6–1 mm;

filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous;

anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.4–0.8 mm.

Pistillate flowers

adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm;

ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles;

ovules 12–18 per ovary;

styles 0.6–1.8 mm.

adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.4–1.6 mm, longer than stipe;

stipe 0.2–0.8 mm;

ovary pyriform, long-silky, beak slightly bulged below styles;

ovules 12–16 per ovary;

styles 1–1.8 mm;

stigmas slenderly cylindrical, 0.44–0.63–0.96 mm.

Capsules

4–6 mm.

3.2–5.6 mm.

Catkins

flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm;

floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight.

flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 21–53 × 12–19 mm, flowering branchlet 0–3 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender to stout, 27–82 × 8–20 mm, flowering branchlet 0–3(–8) mm;

floral bract brown or black, 1.6–2.8 mm, apex acute or rounded, abaxially hairy distally, hairs straight.

2n

= 38.

= 76.

Salix viminalis

Salix pulchra

Phenology Flowering Apr-early May. Flowering mid Apr-late Jul.
Habitat Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides Arctic boreal and subalpine thickets, stream and lake margins, tundra, black spruce-lichen woodlands, open white spruce-dwarf birch woodlands
Elevation 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; BC; NT; NU; YT; Asia (Chukotka, Kamchatka, Lena-Kolyma, Okhotia, Russia [Anadyr], Siberia)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially.

See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Plants with branchlets densely villous with white, gray, or, sometimes, ferruginous hairs have been named var. yukonensis. This hairy variant occurs scattered throughout populations in both North America and Russia and does not seem to warrant taxonomic recognition. The closely related Salix planifolia shows similar variation.

Hybrids:

Salix pulchra forms natural hybrids with S. planifolia and S. scouleriana.

Salix pulchra × S. scouleriana is known from Alaska. It resembles S. pulchra in its long, linear stipules, general leaf shape, and relatively long styles; and S. scouleriana in its juvenile leaves with abundant ferruginous hairs, petioles densely villous to velvety, and relatively short stigmas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 149. FNA vol. 7, p. 138.
Parent taxa Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Phylicifoliae
Sibling taxa
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
Synonyms S. divaricata subsp. pulchra, S. phylicifolia subsp. pulchra, S. phylicifolia var. subglauca, S. planifolia subsp. pulchra, S. planifolia var. yukonensis, S. pulchra var. yukonensis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) Chamisso: Linnaea 6: 543. (1831)
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