Salix viminalis |
Salix prolixa |
|
---|---|---|
basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
Mackenzie willow, Mackenzie's willow |
|
Habit | Shrubs, 1–5 m. | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
branches gray-brown or red-brown, not or weakly glaucous, (with sparkling wax crystals), glabrous or moderately villous; branchlets yellow-green, or yellow-brown to red-brown, glabrous or sparsely to moderately densely velvety, (inner membranaceous bud-scale layer free, separating from outer layer). |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules foliaceous, apex acuminate to rounded; petiole convex to flat adaxially, 6–12 mm, glabrous or pilose adaxially; largest medial blade narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or obovate, 50–150 × 10–53 mm, 2.4–4.5 times as long as wide, base cordate, subcordate, rounded, or convex, margins flat, serrate, serrulate, or spinulose-serrulate, apex acuminate to acute, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial dull, glabrous, pilose, or sparsely pubescent, (sometimes adaxial stomata only along veins or apically); proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, glabrous, pilose or sparsely long-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong to narrowly oblong, 0.8–1 mm; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, (ellipsoid), 0.5–0.6 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong, square, or flask-shaped, 0.3–0.8 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 1.3–4.2 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak sometimes slightly bulged below styles; ovules 12–22 per ovary; styles 0.3–0.7 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.16–0.28–0.4 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
4–6 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
flowering as leaves emerge; staminate slender or stout, 16–41 × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–3 mm; pistillate moderately densely to loosely flowered, slender or stout, 19–66 × 8–18 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–6 mm; floral bract brown, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex acute or rounded, abaxially hairy mainly proximally, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
|
Salix viminalis |
Salix prolixa |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | Flowering late Mar-late Jun. |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Along streams, lakes, springs, marsh margins, sandy-gravel, sandy or silty substrates |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 100-2300 m (300-7500 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
AK; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; YT
|
Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 125. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Cordatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. cordata var. mackenzieana, S. eriocephala subsp. mackenzieana, S. mackenzieana, S. mackenzieana var. macrogemma, S. rigida var. mackenzieana, S. rigida var. macrogemma | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | Andersson: Monogr. Salicum, 94, plate 5, fig. 52. (1867) |
Web links |
|