Salix viminalis |
Salix jejuna |
|
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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
barren willow, barrens willow |
|
Habit | Plants 0.01–0.04 m, usually forming clones by layering or rhizomes. | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
erect, decumbent, or trailing; branches red-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, glabrous. |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, foliaceous on late ones; petiole 1.5–4.9–14 mm; largest medial blade amphistomatous or hemiamphistomatous, elliptic, subcircular, or circular, 8–25 × 4–22 mm, 0.8–2.3 times as long as wide, base convex or rounded, margins slightly revolute, entire, sometimes ciliate, apex rounded or convex, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade (reddish), glabrous, often ciliate. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
abaxial nectary 0.6–1 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to ovate, 0.6–1.3 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments distinct; anthers ellipsoid to globose, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, ovate, or irregularly square, 0.6–1.4 mm, longer than stipe; stipe 0.2–1 mm; ovary obnapiform, not glaucous, usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent or short-silky, with hairs in patches or streaks, beak abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 9–18 per ovary; styles connate or distinct 1/2 their lengths, 0.5–1.4 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.24–0.32–0.4 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
3–5 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
staminate 5.5–14 × 5–10 mm, flowering branchlet 1–6 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, globose, subglobose, or stout, 8–29 × 6–14 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5–20 mm; floral bract brown, 1–1.8 mm, apex rounded, abaxially sparsely hairy or ciliate, hairs straight or wavy. |
2n | = 38. |
|
Salix viminalis |
Salix jejuna |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | Flowering late Jun-mid Jul. |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Wet, thin, sandy-gravel soil on limestone barrens |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 0-20 m (0-100 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
NF |
Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Salix jejuna, known from the Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland, is closely related to the western arctic S. ovalifolia. It is similar to S. ovalifolia in that leaves are hypostomatous, glabrous even when young, and with secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Its ovaries also are usually glabrous, but somewhat hairy plants sometimes occur in the same population. Plants with hairy ovaries may be confused with S. arctica but they are separable on the characters mentioned. Because of its small range adjacent to a highway, S. jejuna is at risk. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 78. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Ovalifoliae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | Fernald: Rhodora 28: 177. (1926) |
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