Salix viminalis |
Salix delnortensis |
|
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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
Del Norte willow |
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Habit | Shrubs, 1–2 m, (sometimes forming clones by stem fragmentation). | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
branches (highly brittle at base), red-brown, not glaucous, tomentose or velvety to glabrescent; branchlets red-brown or yellow-brown, densely velvety, (buds caprea-type). |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, rudimentary or foliaceous on late ones, apex acute; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 6–16 mm, velvety or tomentose adaxially; largest medial blade elliptic or obovate, 53–102 × 29–54 mm, 1.3–2.8 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins slightly revolute, entire or sinuate, apex convex, rounded, or acute, abaxial surface glaucous (sometimes obscured by hairs), densely to sparsely velvety, tomentose, villous, or short-silky, hairs erect or spreading, wavy, adaxial dull, sparsely tomentose or short-silky; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade green, very densely velvety or long-silky abaxially, hairs white or gray. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.5–1 mm; filaments distinct or slightly connate, glabrous; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid, 0.6–0.7 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.4–0.9 mm, longer than stipe; stipe 0–0.3 mm; ovary obturbinate, short-silky or densely pubescent, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 14–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.2 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.32–0.4 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
4 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout, 25–30 × 6–13 mm, flowering branchlet 0–5 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, slender to stout, 17–53 × 6–8 mm, flowering branchlet 1–3 mm; floral bract brown, 1.2–2.2 mm, apex rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix viminalis |
Salix delnortensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | Flowering late Mar-early May. |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Streamshores, gravel to boulder substrates, serpentine soils |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 90-500 m (300-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
CA; OR
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Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The origin of the serpentine endemics Salix breweri and S. delnortensis is still unresolved (G. W. Argus 1997; R. D. Dorn 2000). The possibility that they are of hybrid origin, perhaps involving S. lasiolepis and S. sitchensis (Dorn 1976), cannot be resolved by field and herbarium studies alone; cytological and experimental methods need to be employed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 161. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Sitchenses |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. breweri var. delnortensis | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | C. K. Schneider: J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 96. (1919) |
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