Salix viminalis |
Salix chamissonis |
|
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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
Chamisso willow, Chamisso's willow |
|
Habit | Plants 0.03–0.1 m, (dwarf), forming clones by layering. | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
long-trailing; branches red-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellow-green, glabrous. |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules foliaceous; petiole 5–13 mm, (sometimes with 1–2 pairs of spherical glands distally); largest medial blade hypo-stomatous, broadly elliptic, subcircular, or obovate, 30–50 × 17–30 mm, (1.1–)1.6–1.9(–2.1) times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins flat, closely and prominently serrulate or spinulose-serrulate, (teeth 7–14 per cm), apex acuminate, convex, acute, or rounded, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire, closely gland-dotted, or serrulate; juvenile blade glabrous or sparsely long-silky abaxially. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary square, 0.5–0.9 mm; filaments distinct, glabrous; anthers ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.5–0.6 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary square or oblong, 0.3–1 mm, equal to or longer than stipe; stipe 0.2–0.4 mm; ovary obclavate, pilose or villous, hairs ribbonlike, (sometimes in patches or streaks, refractive), beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.8–1.2 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded or pointed tip, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.4–0.7 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
5–7 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
staminate 30–64 × 12–22 mm, flowering branchlet 4–28 mm; pistillate densely or moderately densely flowered, stout, 32–73(–105 in fruit) × 10–17 mm, flowering branchlet 4–28 mm; floral bract brown or black, 1.2–2.8 mm, apex convex or rounded, entire, abaxially moderately densely hairy, hairs straight. |
2n | = 38. |
= 114. |
Salix viminalis |
Salix chamissonis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | Flowering mid-late Jun. |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Arctic-alpine, Dryas heath tundra, dwarf birch-lichen tundra, sandy lakeshores, snowbeds, rock stripes or gravel, wet seepage areas, sedge meadows, willow-dwarf birch-sphagnum bogs, limestone and shale substrates |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
AK; NT; YT; e Asia (Chukotka, Commander Islands, Russian Far East, disjunct in Sakhalin) |
Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix chamissonis is disjunct on Attu Island in Alaska. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 71. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Myrtosalix |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | Andersson: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 290. (1868) |
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