Salix viminalis |
Salix cascadensis |
|
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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
Cascade willow, Cascades willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.03–0.1 m, forming clones by rhizomes. | |
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
erect or trailing; branches yellow-brown or gray-brown, (sometimes weakly glaucous), glabrous; branchlets yellow-green or yellow-brown, glabrous or puberulent. |
Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
(marcescent); stipules absent; petiole 1.5–5 mm; largest medial blade usually amphistomatous, narrowly elliptic or elliptic, 9–26 × 3.8–7.5 mm, 2.4–4.3 times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins flat, entire, ciliate, apex acute, acuminate, or convex, abaxial surface glabrous or pilose, hairs wavy, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous or pilose; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade glabrous or sparsely villous abaxially. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
abaxial nectary (0–)0.2–0.6 mm, adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.4–1.2 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments distinct or basally connate; anthers ellipsoid, 0.3–0.6 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.5–1.2 mm, longer than stipe; stipe 0–0.6 m; ovary pyriform, usually densely villous, beak abruptly tapering to or slightly bulged below styles; ovules 6–10 per ovary; styles 0.3–1 mm; stigmas slenderly cylindrical, 0.28–0.39–0.56 mm. |
Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
3.5–5 mm. |
Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
staminate (20–50 flowers), 12.5–26.5 × 5.5–9 mm, flowering branchlet 1–11 mm; pistillate moderately densely to loosely flowered, (15–35(–43) flowers), stout or subglobose, 10–23(–30 in fruit) × 5–8 mm, flowering branchlet 2–9 mm; floral bract brown, 1.6–2.6 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially sparsely hairy or ciliate, hairs wavy or straight. |
2n | = 38. |
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Salix viminalis |
Salix cascadensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | Flowering early Jul-early Aug. |
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | Mesic to dry rocky slopes, ridges, high subalpine and alpine tundra |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 2200-3900 m (7200-12800 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
CO; UT; WA; WY; BC
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Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The morphological variability of Salix cascadensis is not well understood. Typically, it has leaves that are narrow, sharply pointed, and glaucous abaxially, catkins 15–43-flowered, dark brown floral bracts, and ovaries very densely hairy. Specimens with leaves not glaucous abaxially, catkins relatively few-flowered, and ovaries either sparsely hairy throughout, hairy only on beaks, or hairy in streaks, may be hybrids but the glabrous ovaried S. cascadensis var. thompsonii shows no obvious signs of hybridization. Hybrids: Salix cascadensis is suspected to hybridize with S. barclayi. Salix cascadensis × S. rotundifolia var. dodgeana resembles the former in its narrow, acute to acuminate leaves and the latter in leaves not glaucous abaxially, tawny floral bracts, relatively short catkins, and glabrous ovaries. The catkins are intermediate in being 6–7-flowered. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 82. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Diplodictyae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. tenera, S. cascadensis var. thompsonii | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | Cockerell: Muhlenbergia 3: 9. (1907) |
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