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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier

Booth's willow

Habit Plants 0.3–6 m.
Stems

branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent;

branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent.

branches yellow-gray, yellow-brown, or red-brown, not glaucous, glabrous, pilose, or villous;

branchlets yellow-brown, gray-brown, or red-brown, (not or weakly glaucous), glabrous, pilose, or moderately densely villous.

Leaves

stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate;

petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially;

largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray;

proximal blade margins entire;

juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white.

stipules foliaceous, apex acute, acuminate, or rounded;

petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 3–17 mm, pilose, villous, or pubescent adaxially;

largest medial blade (often amphistomatous), lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly to broadly elliptic, 26–102 × 8–30 mm, 2.5–3–5.2 times as long as wide, base convex, rounded, or subcordate, margins flat or slightly revolute, (thickened), entire or serrulate, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, glabrous, pilose, or moderately densely short-silky, hairs (white, sometimes also ferruginous), wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, glabrous or moderately densely pilose;

proximal blade margins entire, crenate, or serrulate;

juvenile blade green, pilose to densely villous abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous.

Staminate flowers

adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm;

filaments distinct;

anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm.

adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, ovate, or flask-shaped, 0.6–1.5 mm;

filaments distinct or connate ca. 1/2 their lengths, glabrous, hairy on proximal 1/2;

anthers yellow or purple turning yellow, 0.5–0.8 mm.

Pistillate flowers

adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm;

ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles;

ovules 12–18 per ovary;

styles 0.6–1.8 mm.

adaxial nectary oblong, ovate, or flask-shaped, 0.3–0.8 mm, shorter than stipe;

stipe 0.5–2.5 mm;

ovary pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually to abruptly tapering to or slightly bulged below styles;

ovules 10–18 per ovary;

styles 0.3–1.4 mm;

stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or slenderly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.26–0.48 mm.

Capsules

4–6 mm.

2.5–6 mm.

Catkins

flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm;

floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight.

flowering as or just before leaves emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 7–37 × 5–12 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–5.6 mm; pistillate densely or moderately densely flowered, stout, 12–62 × 7–17 mm, flowering branchlet 1–9 mm;

floral bract brown, 0.7–2.1 mm, apex rounded or retuse, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, hairs straight, wavy, or curly.

2n

= 38.

= 76.

Salix viminalis

Salix boothii

Phenology Flowering Apr-early May. Flowering early Apr-early Jul.
Habitat Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides Wet subalpine meadows, seepages, streams, lakeshores
Elevation 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) 1500-3200 m (4900-10500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially.

See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hybrids:

Salix boothii forms natural hybrids with S. brachycarpa var. brachycarpa, S. eastwoodiae, S. glauca var. villosa, and S. wolfii. There are numerous intermediate specimens of S. boothii that suggest hybridization with S. arizonica, S. brachycarpa, S. eastwoodiae, S. lutea, or S. wolfii, but further study is needed. A DNA study of S. arizonica showed that a specimen from southwestern Utah previously identified as S. arizonica × S. wolfii probably was S. boothii × S. wolfii (J. T. Thompson et al. 2003).

In Mountain Park, Alberta, and the Steens Mountains, Oregon, the putative hybrid Salix boothii × S. glauca var. villosa grew in thickets with both parents. Ovaries were sparsely hairy on the distal half or on the beak, leaves were glaucous abaxially, and floral bracts were mostly glabrous abaxially, but some with hairs proximally. One plant in fruit produced copious seed hairs but no seed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 149. FNA vol. 7, p. 113.
Parent taxa Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae
Sibling taxa
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
Synonyms S. novae-angliae var. aequalis, S. pseudocordata var. aequalis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) Dorn: Canad. J. Bot. 53: 1505. (1975)
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