Salix viminalis |
Salix alaxensis |
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basket willow, common osier, osier, osier willow, silky osier |
Alaska willow, felt-leaf willow |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 1–7 m. | |||||
Stems | branches yellow-brown, gray-brown, or yellowish, not glaucous, glabrous or puberulent; branchlets yellow-brown or yellowish (sometimes color obscured by hairs), glabrous, densely to sparsely villous, velvety, or puberulent. |
branches yellow-brown or red-brown, not glaucous, glabrous or villous; branchlets gray-brown or red-brown, glabrescent or villous. |
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Leaves | stipules (not adnate to petioles), rudimentary or absent on early ones, (late ones sometimes brownish, linear, 5.4–10.4 mm), apex acuminate; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 4–13 mm, villous, puberulent, or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, lorate, narrowly oblong, or narrowly elliptic, 53–130 × 5–33 mm, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, sinuate or apparently entire, (glands epilaminal), apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface apparently glaucous (obscured by hairs), densely short-silky, woolly, or tomentose, (midribs prominent, yellowish, and hairy), hairs appressed, spreading or erect, straight or wavy, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely or moderately densely pubescent, hairs gray; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, very densely tomentose or short-silky abaxially, hairs white. |
stipules (sometimes marcescent), foliaceous, (3–23 mm), apex acuminate to acute; petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 3–20 mm, tomentose adaxially, (strongly ventricose around floral buds); largest medial blade broadly oblong, narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate, or broadly obovate, 50–110 × 13–35 mm, 2–4 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins strongly revolute, entire or crenate, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous or not (usually obscured by hairs, midrib yellowish), densely tomentose or villous-tomentose, hairs wavy, adaxial dull, sparsely or moderately densely villous (floccose) to glabrescent, (hairs white or gray); proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green (color often obscured by hairs), very densely woolly-tomentose abaxially, hairs white. |
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Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.6–1.5 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.5–1.4 mm; filaments distinct; anthers purple turning yellow, long-cylindrical, 0.6–0.9 mm. |
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Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.9–1.4 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 12–18 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.8 mm. |
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, 0.6–1.6 mm; stipe 0–0.4 mm; ovary pyriform, (hairs refractive, wavy), beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 14–18 per ovary; styles 1.3–2.8 mm; stigmas 0.4–0.99–1.28 mm. |
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Capsules | 4–6 mm. |
4–5 mm. |
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Catkins | flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout, 24–48 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, 23–55 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; floral bract brown or tawny, 1.6–2.2 mm, apex convex or rounded, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout, 23–55 × 13–27 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender to stout, 33–103 × 8–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–13 mm; floral bract brown or black, 1.5–2–2.5 mm, apex acute to convex, abaxially sparsely hairy, hairs straight. |
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2n | = 38. |
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Salix viminalis |
Salix alaxensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr-early May. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy, open woods, cobble rivershores, lake margins, and roadsides | |||||
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CT; IA; IN; MA; ME; NJ; NY; OH; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
AK; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; QC; YT; Asia (n, e Siberia)
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Discussion | Salix ×smithiana (S. caprea × S. viminalis) is distinguished from S. viminalis by having leaf blades usually broad, 2.8–4.9(–6.4) times as long as wide, stipes 0.9–2 mm, ovaries short-silky, branches ± brittle at base, and petioles flat to convex adaxially; S. viminalis has leaf blades usually very narrow, 4.7–13.7 times as long as wide, stipes 0.1–0.5 mm, ovaries long-silky, branches flexible at base, and petioles shallowly grooved adaxially. See Salix ×smithiana [p. 132] and 86. S. pellita for further comparative descriptions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Salix alaxensis is often used in northern regions for revegetation of disturbed sites and for wildlife habitat restoration (R. A. Densmore et al. 1987). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 149. | FNA vol. 7, p. 146. | ||||
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Viminella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Villosae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | S. speciosa var. alaxensis | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. (1753) | (Andersson) Coville: Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 280. (1900) | ||||
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