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rock willow

Alaska willow, felt-leaf willow

Habit Plants 0.2–1.5 m. Stems erect; branches brownish or red-brown, (dull), glabrous, long-silky, or villous to glabrescent; branchlets yellow-brown or gray-brown, long-silky, pilose, or moderately densely villous. Shrubs or trees, 1–7 m. Stems: branches yellow-brown or red-brown, not glaucous, glabrous or villous; branchlets gray-brown or red-brown, glabrescent or villous.
Leaves

stipules absent or rudimentary;

petiole (shallowly to deeply grooved adaxially), 2–8 mm, (with 2 spherical glands distally, dark brown, sometimes basilaminar, sparsely pubescent or glabrous adaxially);

largest medial blade hypostomatous, (veins strongly impressed-reticulate), broadly elliptic, subcircular, or obovate, 18–67 × 10–40 mm, 1.1–2.3 times as long as wide, base rounded, convex, or subcordate, margins strongly revolute, crenate or subentire, apex rounded, convex, retuse, or toothed, abaxial surface sparsely to densely villous or long-silky, veins often with long, straight hairs, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous or sparsely long-silky;

proximal blade margins entire or crenate;

juvenile blade (yellowish green), abaxially very densely long-silky.

stipules (sometimes marcescent), foliaceous, (3–23 mm), apex acuminate to acute;

petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 3–20 mm, tomentose adaxially, (strongly ventricose around floral buds);

largest medial blade broadly oblong, narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate, or broadly obovate, 50–110 × 13–35 mm, 2–4 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins strongly revolute, entire or crenate, apex acuminate, acute, or convex, abaxial surface glaucous or not (usually obscured by hairs, midrib yellowish), densely tomentose or villous-tomentose, hairs wavy, adaxial dull, sparsely or moderately densely villous (floccose) to glabrescent, (hairs white or gray);

proximal blade margins entire;

juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green (color often obscured by hairs), very densely woolly-tomentose abaxially, hairs white.

Staminate flowers

abaxial nectary 0.6–0.8 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, 0.5–1.2 mm, nectaries connate and shallowly cup-shaped, or distinct;

filaments distinct, hairy on proximal 1/2;

anthers ellipsoid or globose, 0.3–0.5 mm.

adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to oblong, 0.5–1.4 mm;

filaments distinct;

anthers purple turning yellow, long-cylindrical, 0.6–0.9 mm.

Pistillate flowers

abaxial nectary (0–)0.8–0.9 mm, adaxial nectary oblong, ovate, or narrowly oblong to almost filiform, 0.7–1.4 mm, shorter to longer than stipe, nectaries distinct or connate and cup-shaped;

stipe 0.4–1.2 mm;

ovary pyriform or obnapiform, densely short-silky, hairs cylindrical, beak abruptly tapering to styles;

ovules 13–15 per ovary;

styles connate 1/2 their lengths to almost distinct, 0.2–0.4 mm;

stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, slenderly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.28–0.36 mm.

adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, 0.6–1.6 mm;

stipe 0–0.4 mm;

ovary pyriform, (hairs refractive, wavy), beak gradually tapering to styles;

ovules 14–18 per ovary;

styles 1.3–2.8 mm;

stigmas 0.4–0.99–1.28 mm.

Capsules

3–5 mm.

4–5 mm.

Catkins

staminate 13–48 × 4–6.5(–8) mm, flowering branchlet 3–31(–50) mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender or stout, 18–56 × 4–10 mm, flowering branchlet 3–27(–40) mm;

floral bract tawny, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially densely hairy, hairs straight.

flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout, 23–55 × 13–27 mm, flowering branchlet 0–6 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender to stout, 33–103 × 8–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–13 mm;

floral bract brown or black, 1.5–2–2.5 mm, apex acute to convex, abaxially sparsely hairy, hairs straight.

2n

= 38.

Salix vestita

Salix alaxensis

Phenology Flowering mid Jun-late Jul.
Habitat Moist to dry open forests and rocky streamsides, in upper montane and subalpine zones, rarely alpine
Elevation 0-2400 m (0-7900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
MT; OR; WA; AB; BC; MB; NL; NS; NU; ON; QC; Asia (China [Xinjiang], Mongolia, Russia, e, c Siberia)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; QC; YT; Asia (n, e Siberia)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Salix vestita is an ancient amphiberingian species. Its distribution includes a series of isolated, disjunct populations in Central Siberia, the northern Rocky Mountains, the west coast of Hudson Bay, and the northeastern arctic and subarctic. Occurrence in Nunavut is on Akpatok Island in Ungava Bay and on the Belcher Islands in Hudson Bay. It may be extirpated in Washington.

The flowering and vegetative branchlets sometimes have relatively short internodes. In subsequent years, branches have the appearance of short shoots similar to those in Alnus. Short shoots do not appear on all branches or in all years. The formation of short shoots may be related to adverse growing conditions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Salix alaxensis is often used in northern regions for revegetation of disturbed sites and for wildlife habitat restoration (R. A. Densmore et al. 1987).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Branchlets not noticeably glaucous, very densely villous; largest medial blades: midrib evident, moderately densely tomentose to sparsely pubescent, abaxial surface not noticeably glaucous.
var. alaxensis
1. Branchlets strongly glaucous, glabrescent or sparsely villous; largest medial blades: midrib prominent, sparsely pubescent to glabrescent, abaxial surface noticeably glaucous or not.
var. longistylis
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 64. FNA vol. 7, p. 146.
Parent taxa Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Chamaetia Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Villosae
Sibling taxa
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
Subordinate taxa
S. alaxensis var. alaxensis, S. alaxensis var. longistylis
Synonyms S. leiolepis, S. vestita subsp. leiolepis, S. vestita var. psilophylla S. speciosa var. alaxensis
Name authority Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 610. (1813) (Andersson) Coville: Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 280. (1900)
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