Salix uva-ursi |
Salix daphnoides |
|
---|---|---|
bearberry willow |
daphne willow, violet willow |
|
Habit | Plants 0.01–0.05 m, (dwarf), forming clonal compact mats by layering. | |
Stems | prostrate, short-trailing; branches red-brown, gray-brown, or yellow-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellow-green or yellow-brown, glabrous or puberulent. |
branches red-brown, strongly glaucous (losing glaucescence in age but remaining so at nodes), glabrescent; branchlets yellow-brown, (not glaucous, except in age), usually glabrescent, sometimes sparsely or moderately densely tomentose. |
Leaves | stipules (sometimes marcescent) absent, rudimentary, or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones; petiole (shallowly to deeply grooved adaxially), 2–6.5 mm; largest medial blade (marcescent), amphistomatous or hypostomatous, ovate, broadly obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 4–23 × 3.5–10 mm, 1.7–3.6 times as long as wide, base convex or cuneate, margins flat, serrulate or crenulate, apex convex, acuminate, acute, or retuse, abaxial surface glaucous, usually glabrous (rarely few hairs), adaxial slightly or highly glossy, usually glabrous (rarely a few hairs); proximal blade margins entire or serrate; juvenile blade glabrous, pilose, or puberulent abaxially. |
stipules (often adnate to petioles), usually rudimentary on early ones, late ones lanceolate to ovate, apex acuminate or acute, often adnate to petiole; petiole shallowly grooved, or convex to flat adaxially, 5–18 mm, tomentose to glabrescent adaxially; largest medial blade oblong, lorate, narrowly elliptic, or elliptic, 50–96(–120) × 1–35(–40) mm, base cuneate to concave, margins slightly revolute, serrate to crenate, apex acuminate, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrescent or midrib sparsely tomentose, hairs (white, sometimes also ferruginous), spreading, straight, long or short, adaxial slightly glossy, (midrib sparsely tomentose or throughout); proximal blade margins entire, closely gland-dotted; juvenile leaves green, sparsely to moderately densely long-silky abaxially, hairs white, sometimes some ferruginous. |
Staminate flowers | abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.4–0.9 mm; filaments distinct, glabrous; stamens usually 1, rarely 2; anthers ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical, 0.4–0.7 mm. |
adaxial nectary narrowly oblong to flask-shaped, 0.5–1 mm; filaments distinct or connate basally; anthers purple turning yellow, short- to long-cylindrical or ellipsoid, 0.5–0.7 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.5–0.8 mm, shorter to longer than stipe; stipe 0.3–1.6 mm; ovary ovoid or pyriform, glabrous, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 4–9 per ovary; styles 0.4–1 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or slenderly cylindrical, 0.1–0.23–0.4 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong to square, 0.4–0.9 mm; ovary pyriform, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 4–6 per ovary; styles 0.6–1.5 mm. |
Capsules | 3–5 mm. |
3.2–4.4 mm. |
Catkins | staminate 9–19 × 5–8 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–9 mm; pistillate densely flowered, slender to subglobose, 11–47(–55 in fruit) × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 2–10 mm; floral bract brown, black, tawny, light rose, or bicolor, 1.1–1.8 mm, apex rounded or acute, entire, abaxially sparsely hairy, hairs straight or wavy. |
flowering before or just before leaves emerge; staminate stout, 30–47 × 9–20 mm, flowering branchlet 0–1.2 mm; pistillate densely flowered, stout, 20–50 mm, flowering branchlet ca. 1.5 mm; floral bract dark brown or bicolor, 2.8–3 mm, apex acute to convex, moderately densely hairy throughout, hairs straight. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Salix uva-ursi |
Salix daphnoides |
|
Phenology | Flowering mid Jun-early Aug. | Flowering late Mar-early May. |
Habitat | Exposed, often dry or moist, calcareous, serpentine, dioritic, and granitic rocks, boulders, gravel, sand on beaches, outcrops, in snowbeds | Disturbed habitats |
Elevation | 10-1200 m (0-3900 ft) | 60-600 m (200-2000 ft) |
Distribution |
ME; NH; NY; VT; NL; NS; NU; QC; SPM; Greenland
|
MA; MN; AB; ON; QC; SK; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Hybrids: Salix uva-ursi forms natural hybrids with S. herbacea. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Salix daphnoides is cultivated on prairies for windbreaks and elsewhere for its ornamental catkins. Its stipules are unusual in being attached to petiole bases, even when rudimentary. As the petiole dilates around reproductive buds, the stipules become adnate to it. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 73. | FNA vol. 7, p. 161. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Myrtosalix | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Daphnella |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. ivigtutiana, S. myrsinites var. parvifolia | |
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 610. (1813) | Villars: Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné, 51. (1779) |
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