Salix scouleriana |
Salix ×sepulcralis |
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mountain willow, Scouler willow, Scouler's willow |
golden weeping willow, weeping willow |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 1–10(–20) m. Stems: branches gray-brown, yellow-brown, or red-brown, not glaucous, glabrous or tomentose; branchlets yellow-green or yellow-brown, sparsely to densely villous, tomentose, or velvety. | |
Leaves | stipules absent, rudimentary, or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, (1–16 mm), apex acute or acuminate; petiole convex to flat adaxially, 2–13 mm, velvety or villous adaxially; largest medial blade usually oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly elliptic, elliptic or obovate, 29–100 × 9–37 mm, 1.7–3.9 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins strongly to slightly revolute or flat, entire, remotely serrate, crenate, or sinuate, (glands submarginal or epilaminal), apex acuminate, convex, or rounded, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely to densely short- to long-silky or woolly, hairs (white, sometimes also ferruginous), wavy or straight, adaxial slightly glossy, pilose or moderately densely short-silky, midrib velutinous or villous, (hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire, serrulate, or crenulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, sparsely to densely villous, short- or long-silky abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
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Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.4–0.9 mm; filaments distinct, glabrous or hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.7–1.2 mm. |
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Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.2–0.8 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 0.8–2.3 mm; ovary pyriform or obclavate, densely long-silky, beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 10–18 per ovary; styles 0.2–0.6 mm; stigmas slenderly cylindrical, 0.4–0.82–1.04 mm. |
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Capsules | 4.5–11 mm. |
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Catkins | flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 18–40.5 × 8–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–4 mm; pistillate very densely flowered, slender or stout, 18–60(–90 in fruit) × 10–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–8 mm; floral bract brown, black, or bicolor, 1.5–4.5 mm, apex rounded or acute, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
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Salix | ||
It | is characterized by: trees, to 12 m, stems pendulous; branches somewhat to highly brittle at base, yellowish, yellow-green, or yellow-brown; branchlets yellowish, yellow-green, or golden; stipules rudimentary or foliaceous on late leaves; petiole not glandular or with pairs or clusters of spherical glands distally or scattered throughout, short-silky adaxially; largest medial blade amphistomatous or hemiamphistomatous, narrowly elliptic to very narrowly so, margins finely serrulate or spinulose-serrulate, abaxial surface glaucous, adaxial glaucous, sparsely long-silky to glabrescent, hairs white or white and ferruginous, adaxial surface slightly glossy; catkins on distinct flowering branchlet 3–14 mm; staminate moderately densely flowered, slender, 23–53 × 3–9 mm; pistillate moderately densely to loosely flowered, slender to stout, 18–30 × 3–8 mm, flowering branchlet 3–14 mm; pistillate bracts persistent after flowering; staminate abaxial and adaxial nectaries distinct; stamens 2; anthers 0.5–0.8 mm; pistillate nectary longer than stipe; stipe 0–0.2 mm; ovaries gradually tapering to styles; ovules 4 per ovary; styles 0.15–2 mm; capsules 1–2 mm. |
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2n | = 76. |
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Salix scouleriana |
Salix ×sepulcralis |
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Phenology | Flowering late Feb-mid Jun. | |
Habitat | Dry conifer forests, mature woods on edges of streams and lakes, treed bogs, meadows, subalpine slopes, springs, pine barrens, openings in old burns, arroyos and disturbed sites, sandy, silty-clay, or gravelly, igneous substrates | |
Elevation | 0-3500 m (0-11500 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; SK; YT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
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AK; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; IA; IL; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; TN; UT; VA; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; QC [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Western Salix scouleriana and eastern S. humilis are closely related and are sometimes difficult to separate. Although there is an apparent range disjunction between them in western Manitoba, it may be a collecting gap. In general, S. scouleriana differs from S. humilis in being a taller shrub, sometimes even tree-like, with broader leaves and longer catkins, floral bracts, stigmas, and styles, but these quantitative characteristics all overlap. The apparent difference in anther length (S. scouleriana 0.7–1.2 mm; S. humilis 0.4–0.6 mm) may be correlated with a difference in chromosome number. Salix scouleriana is tetraploid (Y. Suda and G. W. Argus 1968); S. humilis has been reported to be both diploid (Suda and Argus; L. Zsuffa and Y. Raj, unpubl.) and tetraploid (R. D. Dorn 1976). The latter count was from the same population as the one by Suda and Argus. Further chromosome counts are indicated. See 77. Salix hookeriana for comparative descriptions. Hybrids: Salix scouleriana forms natural hybrids with S. hookeriana, S. planifolia, and S. pulchra. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The most commonly cultivated, and sometimes escaped, weeping willow with golden or yellow-green branchlets is Salix ×sepulcralis nothovar. chrysocoma (Dode) Meikle. It probably originated as S. alba var. vitellina × S. babylonica (R. D. Meikle 1984). According to F. S. Santamour Jr. and A. J. McArdle (1988), S. ×sepulcralis cv. Salamonii has a broadly pyramidal crown and is only slightly pendulous. It is not clear just how this cultivar differs from S. ×pendulina. For a discussion of the taxonomy of these and other weeping willows see J. Chmela (1983). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 131. | FNA vol. 7, p. 40. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Cinerella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Salix > sect. Subalbae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. scouleriana var. poikila | family salicaceae S. subg. salix section subalbae ×salamonii, family salicaceae S. subg. salix section subalbae ×sepulcralis nothovar. chrysocoma |
Name authority | Barratt ex Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 145. (1838) | Simonkai |
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