Salix scouleriana |
Salix raupii |
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mountain willow, Scouler willow, Scouler's willow |
Raup willow, Raup's willow |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 1–10(–20) m. Stems: branches gray-brown, yellow-brown, or red-brown, not glaucous, glabrous or tomentose; branchlets yellow-green or yellow-brown, sparsely to densely villous, tomentose, or velvety. | Plants 1.2–1.8 m, not clonal. |
Stems | erect; branches gray-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown, glabrous. |
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Leaves | stipules absent, rudimentary, or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, (1–16 mm), apex acute or acuminate; petiole convex to flat adaxially, 2–13 mm, velvety or villous adaxially; largest medial blade usually oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly elliptic, elliptic or obovate, 29–100 × 9–37 mm, 1.7–3.9 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins strongly to slightly revolute or flat, entire, remotely serrate, crenate, or sinuate, (glands submarginal or epilaminal), apex acuminate, convex, or rounded, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely to densely short- to long-silky or woolly, hairs (white, sometimes also ferruginous), wavy or straight, adaxial slightly glossy, pilose or moderately densely short-silky, midrib velutinous or villous, (hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous); proximal blade margins entire, serrulate, or crenulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, sparsely to densely villous, short- or long-silky abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. |
stipules foliaceous; petiole 5–9 mm; largest medial blade narrowly elliptic, 32–58 × 12–19 mm, 2–3.3 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins slightly revolute, entire, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins shallowly serrulate; juvenile blade glabrous. |
Staminate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.4–0.9 mm; filaments distinct, glabrous or hairy on proximal 1/2; anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.7–1.2 mm. |
abaxial nectary 0.3–0.8 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, 0.6–1 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments distinct, glabrous; anthers ellipsoid, shortly cylindrical, or globose, 0.4–0.7 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.2–0.8 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 0.8–2.3 mm; ovary pyriform or obclavate, densely long-silky, beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 10–18 per ovary; styles 0.2–0.6 mm; stigmas slenderly cylindrical, 0.4–0.82–1.04 mm. |
abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.5–1.1 mm, equal to or longer than stipe; stipe 0.4–1.2 mm; ovary pyriform, usually glabrous, rarely puberulent, beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 12 per ovary; styles 0.6–0.8 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially not papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Capsules | 4.5–11 mm. |
4.4–8 mm. |
Catkins | flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 18–40.5 × 8–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–4 mm; pistillate very densely flowered, slender or stout, 18–60(–90 in fruit) × 10–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–8 mm; floral bract brown, black, or bicolor, 1.5–4.5 mm, apex rounded or acute, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
staminate 17.5–42 × 5–13 mm, flowering branchlet 6–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, stout, 20–40 × 6–12 mm, flowering branchlet 4–7 mm; floral bract tawny or bicolor, 1.3–2.5 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially glabrous. |
2n | = 76. |
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Salix scouleriana |
Salix raupii |
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Phenology | Flowering late Feb-mid Jun. | Flowering late Jun. |
Habitat | Dry conifer forests, mature woods on edges of streams and lakes, treed bogs, meadows, subalpine slopes, springs, pine barrens, openings in old burns, arroyos and disturbed sites, sandy, silty-clay, or gravelly, igneous substrates | Thickets in moist, open forests, gravel floodplains |
Elevation | 0-3500 m (0-11500 ft) | 800-1500 m (2600-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; SK; YT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
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AB; BC; NT; YT |
Discussion | Western Salix scouleriana and eastern S. humilis are closely related and are sometimes difficult to separate. Although there is an apparent range disjunction between them in western Manitoba, it may be a collecting gap. In general, S. scouleriana differs from S. humilis in being a taller shrub, sometimes even tree-like, with broader leaves and longer catkins, floral bracts, stigmas, and styles, but these quantitative characteristics all overlap. The apparent difference in anther length (S. scouleriana 0.7–1.2 mm; S. humilis 0.4–0.6 mm) may be correlated with a difference in chromosome number. Salix scouleriana is tetraploid (Y. Suda and G. W. Argus 1968); S. humilis has been reported to be both diploid (Suda and Argus; L. Zsuffa and Y. Raj, unpubl.) and tetraploid (R. D. Dorn 1976). The latter count was from the same population as the one by Suda and Argus. Further chromosome counts are indicated. See 77. Salix hookeriana for comparative descriptions. Hybrids: Salix scouleriana forms natural hybrids with S. hookeriana, S. planifolia, and S. pulchra. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Salix raupii resembles glabrous S. glauca var. villosa. Thin-layer chromatography of leaf phenolics in S. raupii revealed a pattern similar to those of S. glauca vars. villosa and acutifolia and S. athabascensis (G. W. Argus, unpubl.). Based on overall similarity, its nearest neighbors are S. glauca, in a broad sense, and S. athabascensis (Argus 1997). The sectional placement of this species is uncertain. It is placed here in sect. Myrtilloides because it clusters with S. athabascensis, but it is evidently close to S. glauca and may be a species of intersectional hybrid origin. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 131. | FNA vol. 7, p. 85. |
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Cinerella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Myrtilloides |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. scouleriana var. poikila | |
Name authority | Barratt ex Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 145. (1838) | Argus: Canad. J. Bot. 52: 1303, plate 1. (1974) |
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