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mountain willow, Scouler willow, Scouler's willow

elaeagnus willow, hoary willow

Habit Shrubs or trees, 1–10(–20) m. Stems: branches gray-brown, yellow-brown, or red-brown, not glaucous, glabrous or tomentose; branchlets yellow-green or yellow-brown, sparsely to densely villous, tomentose, or velvety. Plants sometimes multistemmed.
Stems

branches yellow-brown or red-brown, not glaucous, glabrous;

branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, densely pubescent or tomentose.

Leaves

stipules absent, rudimentary, or foliaceous on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, (1–16 mm), apex acute or acuminate;

petiole convex to flat adaxially, 2–13 mm, velvety or villous adaxially;

largest medial blade usually oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly elliptic, elliptic or obovate, 29–100 × 9–37 mm, 1.7–3.9 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins strongly to slightly revolute or flat, entire, remotely serrate, crenate, or sinuate, (glands submarginal or epilaminal), apex acuminate, convex, or rounded, abaxial surface glaucous, sparsely to densely short- to long-silky or woolly, hairs (white, sometimes also ferruginous), wavy or straight, adaxial slightly glossy, pilose or moderately densely short-silky, midrib velutinous or villous, (hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous);

proximal blade margins entire, serrulate, or crenulate;

juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, sparsely to densely villous, short- or long-silky abaxially, hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous.

stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones;

petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–5 mm, tomentose or velvety adaxially;

largest medial blade linear, narrowly oblong, narrowly oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 5–160 × 3–10(–20) mm, base cuneate, margins strongly or slightly revolute, entire or serrulate, (glands submarginal or epilaminal), apex acuminate or acute, abaxial surface glaucous, densely tomentose or woolly, (midribs yellowish, prominent), hairs appressed, curved, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely pubescent to glabrescent;

proximal blade margins entire;

juvenile blade yellowish green, densely tomentose abaxially, hairs white or gray.

Staminate flowers

adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.4–0.9 mm;

filaments distinct, glabrous or hairy on proximal 1/2;

anthers purple turning yellow, ellipsoid to shortly cylindrical, 0.7–1.2 mm.

adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.9 mm;

filaments connate less or more than 1/2 their lengths;

anthers yellow, 0.5–0.7 mm.

Pistillate flowers

adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.2–0.8 mm, shorter than stipe;

stipe 0.8–2.3 mm;

ovary pyriform or obclavate, densely long-silky, beak slightly bulged below styles;

ovules 10–18 per ovary;

styles 0.2–0.6 mm;

stigmas slenderly cylindrical, 0.4–0.82–1.04 mm.

adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm;

ovary obclavate, beak gradually tapering to styles;

ovules 2 per ovary;

styles 0.7–0.9 mm.

Capsules

4.5–11 mm.

3–5 mm.

Catkins

flowering before leaves emerge; staminate stout or subglobose, 18–40.5 × 8–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–4 mm; pistillate very densely flowered, slender or stout, 18–60(–90 in fruit) × 10–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–8 mm;

floral bract brown, black, or bicolor, 1.5–4.5 mm, apex rounded or acute, abaxially hairy, hairs straight.

flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout or slender, 26–34 × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 1–1.5 mm; pistillate moderately to very densely flowered, slender or stout, 19–40 × 3–10 mm, flowering branchlet 0.3–3.5 mm;

floral bract light brown or tawny, 1.5–4 mm, apex rounded, truncate, or acute, entire or toothed, abaxially hairy, hairs straight.

2n

= 76.

= 38.

Salix scouleriana

Salix elaeagnos

Phenology Flowering late Feb-mid Jun. Flowering Apr-mid May.
Habitat Dry conifer forests, mature woods on edges of streams and lakes, treed bogs, meadows, subalpine slopes, springs, pine barrens, openings in old burns, arroyos and disturbed sites, sandy, silty-clay, or gravelly, igneous substrates Cultivated
Elevation 0-3500 m (0-11500 ft) 0-200 m (0-700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; SK; YT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; MA; ME; SC; WI; NS; ON; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Western Salix scouleriana and eastern S. humilis are closely related and are sometimes difficult to separate. Although there is an apparent range disjunction between them in western Manitoba, it may be a collecting gap. In general, S. scouleriana differs from S. humilis in being a taller shrub, sometimes even tree-like, with broader leaves and longer catkins, floral bracts, stigmas, and styles, but these quantitative characteristics all overlap. The apparent difference in anther length (S. scouleriana 0.7–1.2 mm; S. humilis 0.4–0.6 mm) may be correlated with a difference in chromosome number. Salix scouleriana is tetraploid (Y. Suda and G. W. Argus 1968); S. humilis has been reported to be both diploid (Suda and Argus; L. Zsuffa and Y. Raj, unpubl.) and tetraploid (R. D. Dorn 1976). The latter count was from the same population as the one by Suda and Argus. Further chromosome counts are indicated.

See 77. Salix hookeriana for comparative descriptions.

Hybrids:

Salix scouleriana forms natural hybrids with S. hookeriana, S. planifolia, and S. pulchra.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Occurrence of naturalized Salix elaeagnos in the flora area is based on late nineteenth and early twentieth century collections. There is no evidence that it is now either cultivated or naturalized.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 131. FNA vol. 7, p. 150.
Parent taxa Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Cinerella Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Canae
Sibling taxa
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
Synonyms S. scouleriana var. poikila
Name authority Barratt ex Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 145. (1838) Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 257. (1772)
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