Salix rotundifolia |
Salix elaeagnos |
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least willow, round-leaf willow |
elaeagnus willow, hoary willow |
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Habit | Plants 0.005–0.05 m, (dwarf), forming clones by rhizomes. | Plants sometimes multistemmed. | ||||
Stems | erect; branches yellow-green, yellow-brown, or gray-brown, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, glabrous; branches and branchlets sometimes weakly glaucous. |
branches yellow-brown or red-brown, not glaucous, glabrous; branchlets yellow-brown or red-brown, densely pubescent or tomentose. |
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Leaves | (marcescent but not skeletonized), stipules usually absent or rudimentary, rarely present on late ones; petiole (convex, or shallowly to deeply grooved, flat), 0.4–4.6(–5.5) mm, (glabrous adaxially); largest medial blade (2 pairs of secondary veins arising at or close to base, arcing toward apex) broadly elliptic, subcircular, or circular, 1.9–16.3 × 3–10.5 mm, 0.84–1.17(–2.53) times as long as wide, base rounded or convex, margins flat, entire, ciliate, apex retuse, rounded, convex, or acute, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial highly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade glabrous or puberulent. |
stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones; petiole shallowly grooved adaxially, 2–5 mm, tomentose or velvety adaxially; largest medial blade linear, narrowly oblong, narrowly oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 5–160 × 3–10(–20) mm, base cuneate, margins strongly or slightly revolute, entire or serrulate, (glands submarginal or epilaminal), apex acuminate or acute, abaxial surface glaucous, densely tomentose or woolly, (midribs yellowish, prominent), hairs appressed, curved, adaxial dull or slightly glossy, sparsely pubescent to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade yellowish green, densely tomentose abaxially, hairs white or gray. |
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Staminate flowers | abaxial nectary 0.5–1 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.8–1.4 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, glabrous; anthers ellipsoid or globose, 0.4–0.6 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.9 mm; filaments connate less or more than 1/2 their lengths; anthers yellow, 0.5–0.7 mm. |
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Pistillate flowers | abaxial nectary present or absent, adaxial nectary usually narrowly oblong or oblong, sometimes flask-shaped, 0.8–2 mm, longer than stipe; stipe 0.4–0.8 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous or puberulent, (hairs in patches, especially on beak), beak slightly bulged below styles; ovules 7–17 per ovary; styles connate or slightly distinct distally, 0.5–1 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with pointed tip, or slenderly or broadly cylindrical, 0.28–0.6 mm. |
adaxial nectary oblong or square, 0.3–0.7 mm; ovary obclavate, beak gradually tapering to styles; ovules 2 per ovary; styles 0.7–0.9 mm. |
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Capsules | 3.8–8.3 mm. |
3–5 mm. |
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Catkins | from subterminal buds; staminate subglobose, stout, or indeterminate, 3.3–18.5 × 2.5–12 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–9 mm; pistillate moderately densely to loosely flowered (2–15 flowers), stout, subglobose, globose, or indeterminate, 4.5–35 × 2–17 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–22 mm; floral bract brown, 1.6–2.8 mm, apex rounded or retuse, entire, abaxially sparsely hairy or ciliate, hairs usually wavy, crinkled or curly, rarely straight. |
flowering just before or as leaves emerge; staminate stout or slender, 26–34 × 6–10 mm, flowering branchlet 1–1.5 mm; pistillate moderately to very densely flowered, slender or stout, 19–40 × 3–10 mm, flowering branchlet 0.3–3.5 mm; floral bract light brown or tawny, 1.5–4 mm, apex rounded, truncate, or acute, entire or toothed, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. |
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2n | = 38. |
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Salix rotundifolia |
Salix elaeagnos |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr-mid May. | |||||
Habitat | Cultivated | |||||
Elevation | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; MT; WY; NT; YT; e Asia
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CT; MA; ME; SC; WI; NS; ON; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Salix rotundifolia is closely related to S. polaris, from which it can be separated by its glabrous ovaries and fewer-flowered catkins. They also differ somewhat in leaf venation: S. rotundifolia typically having three main veins arising from the leaf base, often only one or two pair of secondary veins, and no or indistinct tertiary veins; S. polaris typically having pinnate venation, multiple secondary veins, and distinct tertiary veins. Salix rotundifolia consists of two varieties, the diploid var. dodgeana and the hexaploid var. rotundifolia. In general, var. dodgeana is a high alpine species in the southern cordillera of Wyoming and Montana, the St. Elias Mountains in Alaska and Yukon, the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, and the Richardson Mountains, Yukon Territory. A diploid specimen of S. rotundifolia in the Cherski Mountains, Yakutia, Russia (B. A. Jurtzev and P. G. Zhukova 1982), which fits var. dodgeana in its 2–3-flowered catkins, relatively small leaves (3.5 × 3.9 mm), and small stomata (490 µm2), may represent an ancestral population. Variety rotundifolia usually occurs at lower elevations in Alaska and in easternmost Chukotka and Wrangel Island, Russia, but elevation separation is not distinct. There is a general correlation between stomatal size and ploidal level (W. Buechler, pers. comm.), but relatively large stomata in some diploid specimens of S. rotundifolia indicates a need for further cytological study. For the present, it is best to recognize the two cytotypes as varieties. Hybrids: Salix rotundifolia forms natural hybrids with S. arctica, S. phlebophylla, and S. polaris. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Occurrence of naturalized Salix elaeagnos in the flora area is based on late nineteenth and early twentieth century collections. There is no evidence that it is now either cultivated or naturalized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 69. | FNA vol. 7, p. 150. | ||||
Parent taxa | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Herbella | Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Canae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Trautvetter: Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 2: 304, plate 11. (1832) | Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 257. (1772) | ||||
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