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balsam willow

Raup willow, Raup's willow

Habit Plants 0.4–4 m. Stems: branches red-brown, not glaucous, (highly glossy), glabrous; branchlets red-brown, yellow-brown, or yellowish, (not or weakly glaucous), glabrous, (inner membranaceous bud-scale layer free, not separating from outer layer). Plants 1.2–1.8 m, not clonal.
Stems

erect;

branches gray-brown, glabrous;

branchlets yellow-brown, glabrous.

Leaves

stipules (early deciduous), foliaceous or rudimentary on early ones, foliaceous on late ones, apex acute, convex, or rounded;

petiole convex to flat, or shallowly grooved adaxially, 7–20 mm, glabrous or sparsely velvety adaxially;

largest medial blade narrowly oblong, oblong, elliptic, or broadly elliptic, 30–103 × 19–40 mm, 1.5–3.4 times as long as wide, base cordate, subcordate, rounded or convex, margins flat or slightly revolute, serrulate, irregularly serrate, crenate, or sinuate, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surface glaucous, glabrous, adaxial slightly or highly glossy, glabrous;

proximal blade margins serrulate or entire;

juvenile blade translucent, glabrous or pilose abaxially, hairs white.

stipules foliaceous;

petiole 5–9 mm;

largest medial blade narrowly elliptic, 32–58 × 12–19 mm, 2–3.3 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex, margins slightly revolute, entire, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous;

proximal blade margins shallowly serrulate;

juvenile blade glabrous.

Staminate flowers

adaxial nectary square or ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm;

filaments distinct, glabrous or sparsely hairy basally;

anthers yellow, (ellipsoid or shortly cylindrical), 0.5–0.8 mm.

abaxial nectary 0.3–0.8 mm, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, 0.6–1 mm, nectaries distinct;

filaments distinct, glabrous;

anthers ellipsoid, shortly cylindrical, or globose, 0.4–0.7 mm.

Pistillate flowers

adaxial nectary narrowly ovate or square, 0.3–0.7 mm, shorter than stipe;

stipe 1.8–3.5 mm;

ovary obclavate, glabrous, beak slightly bulged below styles;

ovules 10–19 per ovary;

styles 0.4–0.5 mm;

stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or 2 plump lobes, 0.2–0.23–0.32 mm.

abaxial nectary absent, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong or oblong, 0.5–1.1 mm, equal to or longer than stipe;

stipe 0.4–1.2 mm;

ovary pyriform, usually glabrous, rarely puberulent, beak slightly bulged below styles;

ovules 12 per ovary;

styles 0.6–0.8 mm;

stigmas flat, abaxially not papillate with rounded tip, or broadly cylindrical, 0.3–0.5 mm.

Capsules

7–8 mm.

4.4–8 mm.

Catkins

staminate flowering just before leaves emerge, pistillate flowering as leaves emerge; staminate stout or slender, 18.5–63 × 7–15 mm, flowering branchlet 1–5 mm; pistillate loosely flowered, stout or slender, 25–85 × 8–20 mm, flowering branchlet 2–22 mm;

floral bract tawny, 1–2.4 mm, apex acute or convex, abaxially sparsely to moderately densely hairy, hairs straight or wavy.

staminate 17.5–42 × 5–13 mm, flowering branchlet 6–7 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, stout, 20–40 × 6–12 mm, flowering branchlet 4–7 mm;

floral bract tawny or bicolor, 1.3–2.5 mm, apex rounded, entire, abaxially glabrous.

2n

= 38.

Salix pyrifolia

Salix raupii

Phenology Flowering May-mid Jun(-mid Jul in subalpine). Flowering late Jun.
Habitat Fens, wet lake and slough margins, treed bogs Thickets in moist, open forests, gravel floodplains
Elevation 0-300 m (-1600 m in subalpine) (0-1000 ft (-5200 ft in subalpine)) 800-1500 m (2600-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; VT; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AB; BC; NT; YT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Salix pyrifolia is characterized by juvenile leaves membranaceous and translucent, and largest medial leaves subcoriaceous, with abaxial surfaces reticulate, and with bases often cordate. Buds and foliage are reported to have a balsam-like fragrance.

Hybrids:

Salix pyrifolia forms natural hybrids with S. brachycarpa var. psammophila. Hybrids with S. discolor have been reported (C. K. Schneider 1921; M. L. Fernald 1950) but no convincing specimens have been seen.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Salix raupii resembles glabrous S. glauca var. villosa. Thin-layer chromatography of leaf phenolics in S. raupii revealed a pattern similar to those of S. glauca vars. villosa and acutifolia and S. athabascensis (G. W. Argus, unpubl.). Based on overall similarity, its nearest neighbors are S. glauca, in a broad sense, and S. athabascensis (Argus 1997). The sectional placement of this species is uncertain. It is placed here in sect. Myrtilloides because it clusters with S. athabascensis, but it is evidently close to S. glauca and may be a species of intersectional hybrid origin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 115. FNA vol. 7, p. 85.
Parent taxa Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Vetrix > sect. Hastatae Salicaceae > Salix > subg. Chamaetia > sect. Myrtilloides
Sibling taxa
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. raupii, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
S. alaxensis, S. alba, S. amygdaloides, S. arbusculoides, S. arctica, S. arctophila, S. argyrocarpa, S. arizonica, S. athabascensis, S. atrocinerea, S. aurita, S. babylonica, S. ballii, S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, S. bebbiana, S. bonplandiana, S. boothii, S. brachycarpa, S. breweri, S. calcicola, S. candida, S. caprea, S. caroliniana, S. cascadensis, S. chamissonis, S. chlorolepis, S. cinerea, S. columbiana, S. commutata, S. cordata, S. daphnoides, S. delnortensis, S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. eastwoodiae, S. elaeagnos, S. eriocephala, S. euxina, S. exigua, S. famelica, S. farriae, S. floridana, S. fuscescens, S. geyeriana, S. glauca, S. gooddingii, S. hastata, S. herbacea, S. hookeriana, S. humboldtiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. irrorata, S. jejuna, S. jepsonii, S. laevigata, S. lasiandra, S. lasiolepis, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, S. lucida, S. lutea, S. maccalliana, S. melanopsis, S. monochroma, S. monticola, S. myricoides, S. myrsinifolia, S. myrtillifolia, S. nigra, S. niphoclada, S. nivalis, S. nummularia, S. orestera, S. ovalifolia, S. pedicellaris, S. pellita, S. pentandra, S. petiolaris, S. petrophila, S. phlebophylla, S. planifolia, S. polaris, S. prolixa, S. pseudomonticola, S. pseudomyrsinites, S. pulchra, S. purpurea, S. pyrifolia, S. reticulata, S. richardsonii, S. rotundifolia, S. scouleriana, S. sericea, S. serissima, S. sessilifolia, S. setchelliana, S. silicicola, S. sitchensis, S. sphenophylla, S. stolonifera, S. taxifolia, S. thurberi, S. tracyi, S. triandra, S. turnorii, S. tweedyi, S. tyrrellii, S. uva-ursi, S. vestita, S. viminalis, S. wolfii, S. ×fragilis, S. ×jesupii, S. ×pendulina, S. ×sepulcralis, S. ×smithiana
Synonyms S. balsamifera, S. pyrifolia var. lanceolata
Name authority Andersson: Monogr. Salicum, 162, plate 8, fig. 93. (1867) Argus: Canad. J. Bot. 52: 1303, plate 1. (1974)
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